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Large language models (LLMs) enable zero-shot approaches in open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet with limited advancements as the reader is compared to the retriever. This study aims at the feasibility of a zero-shot reader that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Sukmin Cho , Jeongyeon Seo , Soyeong Jeong , Jong C. Park

Topic modeling has become a crucial method for analyzing text data, particularly for extracting meaningful insights from large collections of documents. However, the output of these models typically consists of lists of keywords that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Trishia Khandelwal

Recent advancements have successfully harnessed the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) for zero-shot document ranking, exploring a variety of prompting strategies. Comparative approaches like pairwise and listwise achieve high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kehan Long , Shasha Li , Chen Xu , Jintao Tang , Ting Wang

The long-standing one-to-many problem of gold standard responses in open-domain dialogue systems presents challenges for automatic evaluation metrics. Though prior works have demonstrated some success by applying powerful Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kun Zhao , Bohao Yang , Chen Tang , Chenghua Lin , Liang Zhan

The task of multi-label learning is to predict a set of relevant labels for the unseen instance. Traditional multi-label learning algorithms treat each class label as a logical indicator of whether the corresponding label is relevant or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Ruifeng Shao , Ning Xu , Xin Geng

Topic modeling has been a widely used tool for unsupervised text analysis. However, comprehensive evaluations of a topic model remain challenging. Existing evaluation methods are either less comparable across different models (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Xiaohao Yang , He Zhao , Dinh Phung , Wray Buntine , Lan Du

Training Learning-to-Rank models for e-commerce product search ranking can be challenging due to the lack of a gold standard of ranking relevance. In this paper, we decompose ranking relevance into content-based and engagement-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Qi Liu , Atul Singh , Jingbo Liu , Cun Mu , Zheng Yan

To improve relevance scoring on Pinterest Search, we integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into our search relevance model, leveraging carefully designed text representations to predict the relevance of Pins effectively. Our approach uses…

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

Learning from a few examples remains a key challenge in machine learning. Despite recent advances in important domains such as vision and language, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm does not offer a satisfactory solution for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Oriol Vinyals , Charles Blundell , Timothy Lillicrap , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Daan Wierstra

In real-world applications, as data availability increases, obtaining labeled data for machine learning (ML) projects remains challenging due to the high costs and intensive efforts required for data annotation. Many ML projects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ismail Hakki Karaman , Gulser Koksal , Levent Eriskin , Salih Salihoglu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) aims to assign texts to structured label hierarchies; however, it faces challenges due to data scarcity and model complexity. This study explores the feasibility of using black box Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kosuke Yoshimura , Hisashi Kashima

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive language understanding and the capacity to generate responses that follow specific prompts. However, due to the computational demands associated with training these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yida Mu , Ben P. Wu , William Thorne , Ambrose Robinson , Nikolaos Aletras , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Large-scale commercial search systems optimize for relevance to drive successful sessions that help users find what they are looking for. To maximize relevance, we leverage two complementary objectives: behavioral relevance (results users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evangelia Christakopoulou , Vivekkumar Patel , Hemanth Velaga , Sandip Gaikwad , Sean Suchter , Venkat Sundaranatha

The proliferation of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) from various institutions has highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive evaluation methods. However, current evaluation platforms, such as the widely recognized HuggingFace…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Fanghua Ye , Mingming Yang , Jianhui Pang , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Emine Yilmaz , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

With the rapid development of large language models (LLM), the evaluation of LLM becomes increasingly important. Measuring text generation tasks such as summarization and article creation is very difficult. Especially in specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kaiqi Zhang , Shuai Yuan , Honghan Zhao

Robust and comprehensive evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is essential for identifying effective LLM system configurations and mitigating risks associated with deploying LLMs in sensitive domains. However, traditional statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Adam Dejl , Jonathan Pearson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable adaptability to diverse tasks, by leveraging context prompts containing instructions, or minimal input-output examples. However, recent work revealed they also exhibit label bias -- an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuval Reif , Roy Schwartz

Label Ranking (LR) corresponds to the problem of learning a hypothesis that maps features to rankings over a finite set of labels. We adopt a nonparametric regression approach to LR and obtain theoretical performance guarantees for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Dimitris Fotakis , Alkis Kalavasis , Eleni Psaroudaki