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Anomaly detection aims to identify observations that deviate from expected behavior. Because anomalous events are inherently sparse, most frameworks are trained exclusively on normal data to learn a single reference model of normality. This…

A method for unsupervised contextual anomaly detection is proposed using a cross-linked pair of Variational Auto-Encoders for assigning a normality score to an observation. The method enables a distinct separation of contextual from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-02 Yaniv Shulman

Increasing the semantic understanding and contextual awareness of machine learning models is important for improving robustness and reducing susceptibility to data shifts. In this work, we leverage contextual awareness for the anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nathan Vaska , Kevin Leahy , Victoria Helus

Anomaly detection is concerned with identifying examples in a dataset that do not conform to the expected behaviour. While a vast amount of anomaly detection algorithms exist, little attention has been paid to explaining why these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nirmal Sobha Kartha , Clément Gautrais , Vincent Vercruyssen

Anomaly detection methods can be very useful in identifying unusual or interesting patterns in data. A recently proposed conditional anomaly detection framework extends anomaly detection to the problem of identifying anomalous patterns on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Michal Valko , Milos Hauskrecht

Generative models based on variational autoencoders are a popular technique for detecting anomalies in images in a semi-supervised context. A common approach employs the anomaly score to detect the presence of anomalies, and it is known to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Muhammad Rashid , Elvio Amparore , Enrico Ferrari , Damiano Verda

Deep generative models are challenging the classical methods in the field of anomaly detection nowadays. Every new method provides evidence of outperforming its predecessors, often with contradictory results. The objective of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Vít Škvára , Jan Franců , Matěj Zorek , Tomáš Pevný , Václav Šmídl

Detecting anomalies in traffic scenes is crucial for ensuring safety in autonomous driving, yet collecting representative anomalous data remains challenging. Existing anomaly detection methods are highly specialized and rely on normality as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Albert Schotschneider , Daniel Bogdoll , Svetlana Pavlitska , Ahmed Abouelazm , Johann Marius Zoellner

Anomaly detection is concerned with identifying data patterns that deviate remarkably from the expected behaviour. This is an important research problem, due to its broad set of application domains, from data analysis to e-health,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 L. Erhan , M. Ndubuaku , M. Di Mauro , W. Song , M. Chen , G. Fortino , O. Bagdasar , A. Liotta

Anomaly detection methods strive to discover patterns that differ from the norm in a semantic way. This goal is ambiguous as a data point differing from the norm by an attribute e.g., age, race or gender, may be considered anomalous by some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Niv Cohen , Jonathan Kahana , Yedid Hoshen

In the research area of anomaly detection, novel and promising methods are frequently developed. However, most existing studies exclusively focus on the detection task only and ignore the interpretability of the underlying models as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Cheng Feng , Pingge Hu

We describe the use of an unsupervised Random Forest for similarity learning and improved unsupervised anomaly detection. By training a Random Forest to discriminate between real data and synthetic data sampled from a uniform distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-23 Joshua S. Harvey , Joshua Rosaler , Mingshu Li , Dhruv Desai , Dhagash Mehta

Contextual anomaly detection (CAD) aims to identify anomalies in a target (behavioral) variable conditioned on a set of contextual variables that influence the normalcy of the target variable but are not themselves indicators of anomaly. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Luca Bindini , Lorenzo Perini , Stefano Nistri , Jesse Davis , Paolo Frasconi

Anomaly detection is critical in domains such as cybersecurity and finance, especially when working with large-scale tabular data. Yet, unsupervised anomaly detection-where no labeled anomalies are available-remains challenging because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Spencer King , Zhilu Zhang , Ruofan Yu , Baris Coskun , Wei Ding , Qian Cui

The detection of contextual anomalies is a challenging task for surveillance since an observation can be considered anomalous or normal in a specific environmental context. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can utilize its aerial monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Ilker Bozcan , Erdal Kayacan

Anomaly detection usually assumes that abnormality is an intrinsic property of an observation. A defect is a defect, and a rare object is rare, regardless of where it appears. Many real-world anomalies do not work this way. A runner on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shashank Mishra , Didier Stricker , Jason Rambach

Anomaly detection is crucial for understanding unusual behaviors in data, as anomalies offer valuable insights. This paper introduces Dependency-based Anomaly Detection (DepAD), a general framework that utilizes variable dependencies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Sha Lu , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu , Jiuyong Li

Anomaly detection is critically important for intelligent surveillance systems to detect in a timely manner any malicious activities. Many video anomaly detection approaches using deep learning methods focus on a single camera video stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Chongke Wu , Sicong Shao , Cihan Tunc , Salim Hariri

This paper addresses the increasingly prominent problem of anomaly detection in distributed systems. It proposes a detection method based on federated contrastive learning. The goal is to overcome the limitations of traditional centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Renzi Meng , Heyi Wang , Yumeng Sun , Qiyuan Wu , Lian Lian , Renhan Zhang

This paper addresses the challenges of complex dependencies and diverse anomaly patterns in cloud service environments by proposing a dependency modeling and anomaly detection method that integrates contrastive learning. The method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yue Xing , Yingnan Deng , Heyao Liu , Ming Wang , Yun Zi , Xiaoxuan Sun
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