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Symbolic regression aims to find interpretable analytical expressions by searching over mathematical formula spaces to capture underlying system behavior, particularly in scientific modeling governed by physical laws. However, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yunpeng Gong , Sihan Lan , Can Yang , Kunpeng Xu , Min Jiang

Discovering valid and meaningful mathematical equations from observed data plays a crucial role in scientific discovery. While this task, symbolic regression, remains challenging due to the vast search space and the trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xiaoxu Han , Chengzhen Ning , Jinghui Zhong , Fubiao Yang , Yu Wang , Xin Mu

Learning effective policies for sparse objectives is a key challenge in Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). A common approach is to design task-related dense rewards to improve task learnability. While such rewards are easily interpreted,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Hassam Sheikh , Shauharda Khadka , Santiago Miret , Somdeb Majumdar

Symbolic regression (SR) seeks to recover closed-form mathematical expressions that describe observed data. While existing methods have advanced the discovery of either explicit mappings (i.e., $y = f(\mathbf{x})$) or discovering implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Michael Scherk , Boyuan Chen

Despite recent improvements using fully convolutional networks, in general, the segmentation produced by most state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods does not show satisfactory adherence to the object boundaries. We propose a method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Philipe A. Dias , Henry Medeiros

We introduce in this paper a runtime-efficient tree hashing algorithm for the identification of isomorphic subtrees, with two important applications in genetic programming for symbolic regression: fast, online calculation of population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Bogdan Burlacu , Lukas Kammerer , Michael Affenzeller , Gabriel Kronberger

State of the art Symbolic Regression (SR) methods currently build specialized models, while the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce the first comprehensive framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Matteo Merler , Katsiaryna Haitsiukevich , Nicola Dainese , Pekka Marttinen

We describe dimensionally constrained symbolic regression which has been developed for mass measurement in certain classes of events in high-energy physics (HEP). With symbolic regression, we can derive equations that are well known in HEP.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-06-21 Suyong Choi

Gradient-based methods are often used for policy optimization in deep reinforcement learning, despite being vulnerable to local optima and saddle points. Although gradient-free methods (e.g., genetic algorithms or evolution strategies) help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Xiaobai Ma , Katherine Driggs-Campbell , Zongzhang Zhang , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Deep Symbolic Optimization (DSO) is a novel computational framework that enables symbolic optimization for scientific discovery, particularly in applications involving the search for intricate symbolic structures. One notable example is…

Nonlinear dynamics is ubiquitous in nature and commonly seen in various science and engineering disciplines. Distilling analytical expressions that govern nonlinear dynamics from limited data remains vital but challenging. To tackle this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Fangzheng Sun , Yang Liu , Jian-Xun Wang , Hao Sun

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful method for uncovering interpretable mathematical relationships from data, offering a novel route to both scientific discovery and efficient empirical modelling. This article introduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Gabriel Kronberger

Traditional Linear Genetic Programming (LGP) algorithms are based only on the selection mechanism to guide the search. Genetic operators combine or mutate random portions of the individuals, without knowing if the result will lead to a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Léo Françoso Dal Piccol Sotto , Vinícius Veloso de Melo

Symbolic regression plays a crucial role in modern scientific research thanks to its capability of discovering concise and interpretable mathematical expressions from data. A key challenge lies in the search for parsimonious and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Kai Ruan , Yilong Xu , Ze-Feng Gao , Yike Guo , Hao Sun , Ji-Rong Wen , Yang Liu

Opponent modeling methods typically involve two crucial steps: building a belief distribution over opponents' strategies, and exploiting this opponent model by playing a best response. However, existing approaches typically require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zun Li , Marc Lanctot , Kevin R. McKee , Luke Marris , Ian Gemp , Daniel Hennes , Paul Muller , Kate Larson , Yoram Bachrach , Michael P. Wellman

A critical question about Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether their apparent deficiency in mathematical reasoning is inherent, or merely a result of insufficient exposure to high-quality mathematical data. To explore this, we developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Zhi Zhou , Yuan Yao , Yu-Feng Li , Chun Cao , Fan Yang , Xian Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma

Drawing inspiration from our human brain that designs different neurons for different tasks, recent advances in deep learning have explored modifying a network's neurons to develop so-called task-driven neurons. Prototyping task-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hanyu Pei , Jing-Xiao Liao , Qibin Zhao , Ting Gao , Shijun Zhang , Xiaoge Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

Recent advances in machine learning have demonstrated an enormous utility of deep learning approaches, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for materials science. These methods have emerged as powerful tools for high-throughput…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Junchi Liu , Ying Tang , Sergei Tretiak , Wenhui Duan , Liujiang Zhou

Symbolic Regression (SR) algorithms attempt to learn analytic expressions which fit data accurately and in a highly interpretable manner. Conventional SR suffers from two fundamental issues which we address here. First, these methods search…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira

Decision trees are a crucial class of models offering robust predictive performance and inherent interpretability across various domains, including healthcare, finance, and logistics. However, current tree induction methods often face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Tennison Liu , Nicolas Huynh , Mihaela van der Schaar