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We provide the first fully polynomial-time randomized approximation scheme for the following two counting problems: 1. Given a Context Free Grammar $G$ over alphabet $\Sigma$, count the number of words of length exactly $n$ generated by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kuldeep S. Meel , Alexis de Colnet

Alternating parity automata (APAs) provide a robust formalism for modelling infinite behaviours and play a central role in formal verification. Despite their widespread use, the algebraic theory underlying APAs has remained largely…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Anupam Das , Abhishek De

We explore the notion of history-determinism in the context of timed automata (TA) over infinite timed words. History-deterministic (HD) automata are those in which nondeterminism can be resolved on the fly, based on the run constructed…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sougata Bose , Thomas A. Henzinger , Karoliina Lehtinen , Sven Schewe , Patrick Totzke

Designing short DNA words is a problem of constructing a set (i.e., code) of n DNA strings (i.e., words) with the minimum length such that the Hamming distance between each pair of words is at least k and the n words satisfy a set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-01 Ming-Yang Kao , Henry C. M. Leung , He Sun , Yong Zhang

We present an algorithm for regular expression parsing and submatch extraction based on tagged deterministic finite automata. The algorithm works with different disambiguation policies. We give detailed pseudocode for the algorithm,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Angelo Borsotti , Ulya Trafimovich

In the computational-mechanics structural analysis of one-dimensional cellular automata the following automata-theoretic analogue of the \emph{change-point problem} from time series analysis arises: \emph{Given a string $\sigma$ and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Carl S. McTague , James P. Crutchfield

We study the task, for a given language $L$, of enumerating the (generally infinite) sequence of its words, without repetitions, while bounding the delay between two consecutive words. To allow for delay bounds that do not depend on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Antoine Amarilli , Mikaël Monet

The identification of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) from labeled examples is a cornerstone of automata learning, yet traditional methods focus on learning monolithic DFAs, which often yield a large DFA lacking simplicity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junjie Meng , Jie An , Yong Li , Andrea Turrini , Fanjiang Xu , Naijun Zhan , Miaomiao Zhang

While finite automata have minimal DFAs as a simple and natural normal form, deterministic omega-automata do not currently have anything similar. One reason for this is that a normal form for omega-regular languages has to speak about more…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Rüdiger Ehlers , Sven Schewe

Automatic differentiation (AD) aims to compute derivatives of user-defined functions, but in Turing-complete languages, this simple specification does not fully capture AD's behavior: AD sometimes disagrees with the true derivative of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Alexander K. Lew , Mathieu Huot , Vikash K. Mansinghka

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is composite if its language can be decomposed into an intersection of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, A is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ismaël Jecker , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Petra Wolf

We discuss the problem of learning a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a confidence oracle. That is, we are given access to an oracle $Q$ with incomplete knowledge of some target language $L$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$; the oracle…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Wilson Wu

Probabilistic automata are an extension of nondeterministic finite automata in which transitions are annotated with probabilities. Despite its simplicity, this model is very expressive and many of the associated algorithmic questions are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Cristian Riveros , James Worrell

Probabilistic deterministic finite automata (PDFA) are discrete event systems modeling conditional probabilities over languages: Given an already seen sequence of tokens they return the probability of tokens of interest to appear next.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Robert Baumgartner , Sicco Verwer

This paper develops an assume-guarantee (AG) framework for the compositional verification of probabilistic automata (PAs) with uncertain transition probabilities. We study parametric probabilistic automata (pPAs), where probabilities are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hannah Mertens , Tim Quatmann , Joost-Pieter Katoen

A nondeterministic automaton is semantically deterministic (SD) if different nondeterministic choices in the automaton lead to equivalent states. Semantic determinism is interesting as it is a natural relaxation of determinism, and as some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Bader Abu Radi , Orna Kupferman

We introduce a new setting, the category of $\omega$PAP spaces, for reasoning denotationally about expressive differentiable and probabilistic programming languages. Our semantics is general enough to assign meanings to most practical…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Mathieu Huot , Alexander K. Lew , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Sam Staton

One of the most fundamental problems in computational learning theory is the the problem of learning a finite automaton $A$ consistent with a finite set $P$ of positive examples and with a finite set $N$ of negative examples. By…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jonas Lingg , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Petra Wolf

Consider the model where we can access a parity function through random uniform labeled examples in the presence of random classification noise. In this paper, we show that approximating the number of relevant variables in the parity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Nader H. Bshouty , George Haddad

Various variants of Parikh automata on infinite words have recently been introduced in the literature. However, with some exceptions only their non-deterministic versions have been considered. In this paper we study the deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Mario Grobler , Sebastian Siebertz