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In simulation sciences, it is desirable to capture the real-world problem features as accurately as possible. Methods popular for scientific simulations such as the finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) use piecewise…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Vidhi Zala , Akil Narayan , Robert M Kirby

Partial Observability -- where agents can only observe partial information about the true underlying state of the system -- is ubiquitous in real-world applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Theoretically, learning a near-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Fan Chen , Yu Bai , Song Mei

Real-world sequential decision making problems commonly involve partial observability, which requires the agent to maintain a memory of history in order to infer the latent states, plan and make good decisions. Coping with partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Yonathan Efroni , Chi Jin , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Sobhan Miryoosefi

Machine learning-based modeling of physical systems has experienced increased interest in recent years. Despite some impressive progress, there is still a lack of benchmarks for Scientific ML that are easy to use but still challenging and…

Modeling real-world problems with partial differential equations (PDEs) is a prominent topic in scientific machine learning. Classic solvers for this task continue to play a central role, e.g. to generate training data for deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tim Weiland , Marvin Pförtner , Philipp Hennig

Scientific machine learning (SciML) represents a significant advancement in integrating machine learning (ML) with scientific methodologies. At the forefront of this development are Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which offer a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Reyhaneh Taj

A method for symbolically computing conservation laws of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in multiple space dimensions is presented in the language of variational calculus and linear algebra. The steps of the method are…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2011-08-08 Douglas Poole , Willy Hereman

Differentiable Programming for scientific machine learning (SciML) has recently seen considerable interest and success, as it directly embeds neural networks inside PDEs, often called as NeuralPDEs, derived from first principle physics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Arvind Mohan , Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Jonah Miller

We present PDE-FM, a modular foundation model for physics-informed machine learning that unifies spatial, spectral, and temporal reasoning across heterogeneous partial differential equation (PDE) systems. PDE-FM combines spatial-spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Eduardo Soares , Emilio Vital Brazil , Victor Shirasuna , Breno W. S. R. de Carvalho , Cristiano Malossi

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used across the physical and computational sciences. Decades of research and engineering went into designing fast iterative solution methods. Existing solvers are general purpose, but may be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Jun-Ting Hsieh , Shengjia Zhao , Stephan Eismann , Lucia Mirabella , Stefano Ermon

Modeling the unsaturated behavior of porous materials with multimodal pore size distributions presents significant challenges, as standard hydraulic models often fail to capture their complex, multi-scale characteristics. A common…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-05 Yejin Kim , Hyoung Suk Suh

Physics-informed Machine Learning has recently become attractive for learning physical parameters and features from simulation and observation data. However, most existing methods do not ensure that the physics, such as balance laws (e.g.,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Satish Karra , Bulbul Ahmmed , Maruti K. Mudunuru

The ability to simulate the partial differential equations (PDE's) that govern multi-phase flow in porous media is essential for different applications such as geologic sequestration of CO2, groundwater flow monitoring and hydrocarbon…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-03-11 Gerald Kelechi Ekechukwu , Romain de Loubens , Mauricio Araya-Polo

Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as a promising approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in science and engineering. Previous ML models typically cannot generalize outside the training data; for example, a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zongyi Li , Samuel Lanthaler , Catherine Deng , Michael Chen , Yixuan Wang , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

Deep learning has been proposed as an efficient alternative for the numerical approximation of PDE solutions, offering fast, iterative simulation of PDEs through the approximation of solution operators. However, deep learning solutions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Sean Current , Chandan Kumar , Datta Gaitonde , Srinivasan Parthasarathy

The discovery of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is an essential task for applied science and engineering. However, data-driven discovery of PDEs is generally challenging, primarily stemming from the sensitivity of the discovered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-27 Aoxue Chen , Yifan Du , Liyao Mars Gao , Guang Lin

Physical laws, such as the conversation of mass and momentum, are fundamental principles in many physical systems. Neural operators have achieved promising performance in learning the solutions to those systems, but often fail to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chaoyu Liu , Yangming Li , Zhongying Deng , Chris Budd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Physics-informed deep learning often faces optimization challenges due to the complexity of solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which involve exploring large solution spaces, require numerous iterations, and can lead to unstable…

By leveraging neural networks, the emerging field of scientific machine learning (SciML) offers novel approaches to address complex problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). In practical applications, challenges arise due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Handi Zhang , Langchen Liu , Lu Lu

Neural networks have emerged as powerful surrogates for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), offering significant computational speedups over traditional methods. However, these models suffer from a critical limitation: error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris