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Deep learning-based prediction models for High-Level Synthesis (HLS) of hardware designs often struggle to generalize. In this paper, we study how to close the generalizability gap of these models through pretraining on synthetic data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zijian Ding , Tung Nguyen , Weikai Li , Aditya Grover , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

The design of efficient hardware accelerators for high-throughput data-processing applications, e.g., deep neural networks, is a challenging task in computer architecture design. In this regard, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) emerges as a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Lorenzo Ferretti , Andrea Cini , Georgios Zacharopoulos , Cesare Alippi , Laura Pozzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in hardware front-end design using hardware description languages (HDLs). However, their inherent tendency toward hallucination often introduces functional errors into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kangwei Xu , Grace Li Zhang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in modern hardware design, yet writing Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for FPGA implementation remains a complex and time-consuming task. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ce Guo , Tong Zhao

High-level synthesis (HLS) is a widely used tool in designing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). HLS enables FPGA design with software programming languages by compiling the source code into an FPGA circuit. The source code includes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Weikai Li , Ding Wang , Zijian Ding , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zongyue Qin , Jason Cong , Yizhou Sun

The rapid scaling of large language model (LLM) training and inference has driven their adoption in semiconductor design across academia and industry. While most prior work evaluates LLMs on hardware description language (HDL) tasks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Abi-Karam , Cong Hao

In recent years, hardware accelerators based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been widely adopted, thanks to FPGAs' extraordinary flexibility. However, with the high flexibility comes the difficulty in design and optimization.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Mang Yu , Sitao Huang , Deming Chen

As machine learning (ML) is increasingly implemented in hardware to address real-time challenges in scientific applications, the development of advanced toolchains has significantly reduced the time required to iterate on various designs.…

C/C++/OpenCL-based high-level synthesis (HLS) becomes more and more popular for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerators in many application domains in recent years, thanks to its competitive quality of results (QoR) and short…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Yuze Chi , Licheng Guo , Jason Lau , Young-kyu Choi , Jie Wang , Jason Cong

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is well-suited for experimenting with advanced wireless communication systems, as it allows to alter the architecture promptly while obtaining high performance.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Thijs Havinga , Xianjun Jiao , Wei Liu , Ingrid Moerman

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is a pivotal electronic design automation (EDA) technology that enables the generation of hardware circuits from high-level language descriptions. A critical step in HLS is Design Space Exploration (DSE), which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Lei Xu , Shanshan Wang , Chenglong Xiao

Dynamically scheduled hardware enables high-level synthesis (HLS) for applications with irregular control flow and latencies, which perform poorly with conventional statically scheduled approaches. Since dynamically scheduled hardware is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-19 David Metz , Nico Reissmann , Magnus Själander

In high-level synthesis (HLS), C/C++ programs with synthesis directives are used to generate circuits for FPGA implementations. However, hardware-specific and platform-dependent characteristics in these implementations can introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Kangwei Xu , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang , Ulf Schlichtmann

Large language models (LLMs) are playing an increasingly large role in domains such as code generation, including hardware code generation, where Verilog is the key language. However, the amount of publicly available Verilog code pales in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Charles Hong , Brendan Roberts , Huijae An , Alex Um , Advay Ratan , Yakun Sophia Shao

High-level synthesis (HLS) has enabled the rapid development of custom hardware circuits for many software applications. However, developing high-performance hardware circuits using HLS is still a non-trivial task requiring expertise in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Suhail Basalama , Jason Cong

Adopting FPGA as an accelerator in datacenters is becoming mainstream for customized computing, but the fact that FPGAs are hard to program creates a steep learning curve for software programmers. Even with the help of high-level synthesis…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Cody Hao Yu , Min Gao , Jason Cong

With the ever-growing popularity of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), efficient GNN inference is gaining tremendous attention. Field-Programming Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a promising execution platform due to their fine-grained parallelism,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Chenfeng Zhao , Zehao Dong , Yixin Chen , Xuan Zhang , Roger D. Chamberlain

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) improves IC development productivity by enabling hardware design from C-like languages. However, strict coding constraints and design-specific optimizations limit its widespread adoption. While recent efforts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xiuyuan He , Jieru Zhao , Jiaqi Lv , Haowen Fang , Lei Qi , Xi Wang

FPGA-based accelerators are becoming more popular for deep neural network due to the ability to scale performance with increasing degree of specialization with dataflow architectures or custom data types. To reduce the barrier for software…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Syed Asad Alam , David Gregg , Giulio Gambardella , Thomas Preusser , Michaela Blott

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) serves as an agile hardware development tool that streamlines the circuit design by abstracting the register transfer level into behavioral descriptions, while allowing designers to customize the generated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xi Wang