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Symbolic regression is a type of discrete optimization problem that involves searching expressions that fit given data points. In many cases, other mathematical constraints about the unknown expression not only provide more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Li Li , Minjie Fan , Rishabh Singh , Patrick Riley

Identifying the mathematical relationships that best describe a dataset remains a very challenging problem in machine learning, and is known as Symbolic Regression (SR). In contrast to neural networks which are often treated as black boxes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Tony Tohme , Dehong Liu , Kamal Youcef-Toumi

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a well-established framework for generating interpretable or white-box predictive models. Although SR has been successfully applied to create interpretable estimates of the average of the outcome, it is currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cas Oude Hoekstra , Floris den Hengst

Symbolic Regression (SR) tries to reveal the hidden equations behind observed data. However, most methods search within a discrete equation space, where the structural modifications of equations rarely align with their numerical behavior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Qian Li , Yuxiao Hu , Juncheng Liu , Yuntian Chen

Symbolic Regression tries to find a mathematical expression that describes the relationship of a set of explanatory variables to a measured variable. The main objective is to find a model that minimizes the error and, optionally, that also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca

Symbolic regression is the machine learning method for learning functions from data. After a brief overview of the symbolic regression landscape, I will describe the two main challenges that traditional algorithms face: they have an unknown…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-18 Harry Desmond

Discovering governing equations of complex network dynamics is a fundamental challenge in contemporary science with rich data, which can uncover the mysterious patterns and mechanisms of the formation and evolution of complex phenomena in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jiao Hu , Jiaxu Cui , Bo Yang

Extracting interpretable equations from observational datasets to describe complex natural phenomena is one of the core goals of artificial intelligence. This field is known as symbolic regression (SR). In recent years, Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Da Li , Junping Yin , Jin Xu , Xinxin Li , Juan Zhang

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a powerful technique for automatically discovering mathematical expressions from input data. Mainstream SR algorithms search for the optimal symbolic tree in a vast function space, but the increasing complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinxin Li , Juan Zhang , Da Li , Xingyu Liu , Jin Xu , Junping Yin

We present a novel method for symbolic regression (SR), the task of searching for compact programmatic hypotheses that best explain a dataset. The problem is commonly solved using genetic algorithms; we show that we can enhance such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arya Grayeli , Atharva Sehgal , Omar Costilla-Reyes , Miles Cranmer , Swarat Chaudhuri

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering interpretable mathematical expressions. However, benchmarking SR methods remains challenging due to the diversity of algorithms, datasets, and evaluation criteria. In this…

Symbolic Regression is the study of algorithms that automate the search for analytic expressions that fit data. While recent advances in deep learning have generated renewed interest in such approaches, the development of symbolic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-27 Wassim Tenachi , Rodrigo Ibata , Foivos I. Diakogiannis

In this paper, we present a new procedure to automatically generate interpretable hyperelastic material models. This approach is based on symbolic regression which represents an evolutionary algorithm searching for a mathematical model in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Rasul Abdusalamov , Markus Hillgärtner , Mikhail Itskov

Discovering interpretable physical laws from high-dimensional data is a fundamental challenge in scientific research. Traditional methods, such as symbolic regression, often produce complex, unphysical formulas when searching a vast space…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Yifeng Guan , Chuyi Liu , Dongzhan Zhou , Lei Bai , Wan-jian Yin , Jingyuan Li , Mao Su

Interpretability is crucial for machine learning in many scenarios such as quantitative finance, banking, healthcare, etc. Symbolic regression (SR) is a classic interpretable machine learning method by bridging X and Y using mathematical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-17 Ying Jin , Weilin Fu , Jian Kang , Jiadong Guo , Jian Guo

Understanding how systems evolve over time often requires discovering the differential equations that govern their behavior. Automatically learning these equations from experimental data is challenging when the data are noisy or limited,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-11-19 Oriol Cabanas-Tirapu , Sergio Cobo-Lopez , Savannah E. Sanchez , Forest L. Rohwer , Marta Sales-Pardo , Roger Guimerà

Symbolic regression is a task aimed at identifying patterns in data and representing them through mathematical expressions, generally involving skeleton prediction and constant optimization. Many methods have achieved some success, however…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yusong Deng , Min Wu , Lina Yu , Jingyi Liu , Shu Wei , Yanjie Li , Weijun Li

We introduce SymbolFit, a framework that automates parametric modeling by using symbolic regression to perform a machine-search for functions that fit the data while simultaneously providing uncertainty estimates in a single run.…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-07-04 Ho Fung Tsoi , Dylan Rankin , Cecile Caillol , Miles Cranmer , Sridhara Dasu , Javier Duarte , Philip Harris , Elliot Lipeles , Vladimir Loncar

Inferring latent interaction structures from observed dynamics is a fundamental inverse problem in many-body interacting systems. Most neural approaches rely on black-box surrogates over trainable graphs, achieving accuracy at the expense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xiaoxiao Liang , Juyuan Zhang , Liming Pan , Linyuan Lü

Solutions of symbolic regression problems are expressions that are composed of input variables and operators from a finite set of function symbols. One measure for evaluating symbolic regression algorithms is their ability to recover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Paul Kahlmeyer , Markus Fischer , Joachim Giesen