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Learning anticipation in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a reasoning paradigm where agents anticipate the learning steps of other agents to improve cooperation among themselves. As MARL uses gradient-based optimization,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ariyan Bighashdel , Daan de Geus , Pavol Jancura , Gijs Dubbelman

The problem of constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) holds significant importance as it provides a framework for addressing critical safety satisfaction concerns in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, with the introduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Chengbin Xuan , Feng Zhang , Faliang Yin , Hak-Keung Lam

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides an efficient way for simultaneously learning policies for multiple agents interacting with each other. However, in scenarios requiring complex interactions, existing algorithms can suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaobai Ma , David Isele , Jayesh K. Gupta , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

In this paper, we consider cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with sparse reward. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel method named MASER: MARL with subgoals generated from experience replay buffer. Under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jeewon Jeon , Woojun Kim , Whiyoung Jung , Youngchul Sung

Group Relative Policy Optimization(GRPO) has become a cornerstone of modern reinforcement learning alignment, prized for its efficacy in foregoing an explicit value-critic by leveraging reward normalization across sampled trajectory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is essential for addressing the intricacies of real-world RL problems, which often require trade-offs between multiple utility functions. However, MORL is challenging due to unstable learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Mikhail Terekhov , Caglar Gulcehre

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires coordinated and stable policy updates among interacting agents. Heterogeneous-Agent Trust Region Policy Optimization (HATRPO) enforces per-agent trust region constraints using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chak Lam Shek , Guangyao Shi , Pratap Tokekar

The policy represented by the deep neural network can overfit the spurious features in observations, which hamper a reinforcement learning agent from learning effective policy. This issue becomes severe in high-dimensional state, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Optimization of parameterized policies for reinforcement learning (RL) is an important and challenging problem in artificial intelligence. Among the most common approaches are algorithms based on gradient ascent of a score function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Sriram Srinivasan , Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Julien Perolat , Karl Tuyls , Remi Munos , Michael Bowling

Prioritized experience replay is a reinforcement learning technique whereby agents speed up learning by replaying useful past experiences. This usefulness is quantified as the expected gain from replaying the experience, a quantity often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yizhi Yuan , Marcelo G Mattar

A key challenge in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) lies in the intractability of their likelihood functions, which are essential for the RL objective, necessitating corresponding approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nianyi Lin , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large sequence model (SM) such as GPT series and BERT has displayed outstanding performance and generalization capabilities on vision, language, and recently reinforcement learning tasks. A natural follow-up question is how to abstract…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Muning Wen , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Runji Lin , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Modern multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms hold great potential for solving a variety of real-world problems. However, they do not fully exploit cross-agent knowledge to reduce sample complexity and improve performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haozhi Wang , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable reward has recently emerged as a central paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs); however, prevailing mean-based methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Tao Ren , Jinyang Jiang , Hui Yang , Wan Tian , Minhao Zou , Guanghao Li , Zishi Zhang , Qinghao Wang , Shentao Qin , Yanjun Zhao , Rui Tao , Hui Shao , Yijie Peng

Experience replay (ER) is a fundamental component of off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL). ER recalls experiences from past iterations to compute gradient estimates for the current policy, increasing data-efficiency. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Guido Novati , Petros Koumoutsakos

Policy-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) has established itself as the dominant paradigm in generative recommendation for optimizing sequential user interactions. However, when applied to offline historical logs, these methods suffer a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jie Jiang , Yusen Huo , Xiangxin Zhan , Changping Wang , Jun Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

We introduce Heterogeneous Agent Collaborative Reinforcement Learning (HACRL), a new Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Reward (RLVR) problem that addresses the inefficiencies of isolated multi-agent on-policy optimization. HACRL…

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to enhancing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) through the integration of domain knowledge and attention-based policy mechanisms. Our methodology focuses on the incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Andre R Kuroswiski , Annie S Wu , Angelo Passaro