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A probability distribution allows practitioners to uncover hidden structure in the data and build models to solve supervised learning problems using limited data. The focus of this report is on Variational autoencoders, a method to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Vasanth Kalingeri

Inverse problems often involve matching observational data using a physical model that takes a large number of parameters as input. These problems tend to be under-constrained and require regularization to impose additional structure on the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-06-07 Daniel O'Malley , John K. Golden , Velimir V. Vesselinov

Recently, there has been great success in applying deep neural networks on graph structured data. Most work, however, focuses on either node- or graph-level supervised learning, such as node, link or graph classification or node-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Robin Winter , Frank Noé , Djork-Arné Clevert

This work studies the problem of modeling visual processes by leveraging deep generative architectures for learning linear, Gaussian representations from observed sequences. We propose a joint learning framework, combining a vector…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Alexander Sagel , Hao Shen

We propose a new family of optimization criteria for variational auto-encoding models, generalizing the standard evidence lower bound. We provide conditions under which they recover the data distribution and learn latent features, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Shengjia Zhao , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Operator learning is a variant of machine learning that is designed to approximate maps between function spaces from data. The Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) is one of the main model architectures used for operator learning. The FNO combines…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart , Margaret Trautner

Local neural operator (LNO) conception has provided a feasible way for scientific computations. The LNO learns transient partial differential equations from random field samples, and then the pre-trained LNO solves practical problems on…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Hongyu Li , Ximeng Ye , Lei He , Weiqi Qian , Peng Jiang , Tiejun Wang

Generative models in function spaces, situated at the intersection of generative modeling and operator learning, are attracting increasing attention due to their immense potential in diverse scientific and engineering applications. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yaozhong Shi , Zachary E. Ross , Domniki Asimaki , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli

Unsupervised learning aims at the discovery of hidden structure that drives the observations in the real world. It is essential for success in modern machine learning. Latent variable models are versatile in unsupervised learning and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Furong Huang

Discrete latent spaces in variational autoencoders have been shown to effectively capture the data distribution for many real-world problems such as natural language understanding, human intent prediction, and visual scene representation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Masha Itkina , Boris Ivanovic , Ransalu Senanayake , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Marco Pavone

Neural operators, which aim to approximate mappings between infinite-dimensional function spaces, have been widely applied in the simulation and prediction of physical systems. However, the limited representational capacity of network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jin Song , Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhenya Yan

Classical neural networks are known for their ability to approximate mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, but they fall short in capturing complex operator dynamics across infinite-dimensional function spaces. Neural operators, in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Bo Zhang

The Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) is one of the most used unsupervised machine learning models. But although the default choice of a Gaussian distribution for both the prior and posterior represents a mathematically convenient distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-28 Tim R. Davidson , Luca Falorsi , Nicola De Cao , Thomas Kipf , Jakub M. Tomczak

Recent advances in electron, scanning probe, optical, and chemical imaging and spectroscopy yield bespoke data sets containing the information of structure and functionality of complex systems. In many cases, the resulting data sets are…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-11-15 Yongtao Liu , Bryan D Huey , Maxim A. Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) are a powerful approach to unsupervised learning. They enable scalable approximate posterior inference in latent-variable models using variational inference (VI). A VAE posits a variational family…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Samarth Sinha , Adji B. Dieng

The Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) learns simultaneously an inference and a generative model, but only one of these models can be learned at optimum, this behaviour is associated to the ELBO learning objective, that is optimised by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Vincenzo Crescimanna , Bruce Graham

Data-driven reduced-order models based on autoencoders generally lack interpretability compared to classical methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition. More interpretability can be gained by disentangling the latent variables and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Henning Schwarz , Pyei Phyo Lin , Jens-Peter M. Zemke , Thomas Rung

Neural networks have become ubiquitous tools for solving signal and image processing problems, and they often outperform standard approaches. Nevertheless, training neural networks is a challenging task in many applications. The prevalent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Patrick L. Combettes , Jean-Christophe Pesquet , Audrey Repetti

In recent years Variation Autoencoders have become one of the most popular unsupervised learning of complicated distributions.Variational Autoencoder (VAE) provides more efficient reconstructive performance over a traditional autoencoder.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-12 Gautam Ramachandra

Computationally efficient surrogates for parametrized physical models play a crucial role in science and engineering. Operator learning provides data-driven surrogates that map between function spaces. However, instead of full-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Nicholas H. Nelsen , Margaret Trautner
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