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World models aim to learn action-controlled future prediction and have proven essential for the development of intelligent agents. However, most existing world models rely heavily on substantial action-labeled data and costly training,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shenyuan Gao , Siyuan Zhou , Yilun Du , Jun Zhang , Chuang Gan

"Dreaming" enables agents to learn from imagined experiences, enabling more robust and sample-efficient learning of world models. In this work, we consider innovations to the state-of-the-art Dreamer model using probabilistic methods that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gavin Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Ruize Xu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Suman Nath , Nikhil Singh , Jiangfeng Gao , Zhou Yu

Recent endeavors towards directly using large language models (LLMs) as agent models to execute interactive planning tasks have shown commendable results. Despite their achievements, however, they still struggle with brainless…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Shuofei Qiao , Runnan Fang , Ningyu Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Xiang Chen , Shumin Deng , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Multi-robot systems can benefit from reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that learn behaviours in a small number of trials, a property known as sample efficiency. This research thus investigates the use of learned world models to improve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Daniël Willemsen , Mario Coppola , Guido C. H. E. de Croon

Action-conditioned video prediction models (often referred to as world models) have shown strong potential for robotics applications, but existing approaches are often slow and struggle to capture physically consistent interactions over…

Data-driven model predictive control (MPC) has demonstrated significant potential for improving robot control performance in the presence of model uncertainties. However, existing approaches often require extensive offline data collection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yu Mei , Xinyu Zhou , Shuyang Yu , Vaibhav Srivastava , Xiaobo Tan

Meta reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) is an approach wherein the experience gained from solving a variety of tasks is distilled into a meta-policy. The meta-policy, when adapted over only a small (or just a single) number of steps, is able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Desik Rengarajan , Sapana Chaudhary , Jaewon Kim , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

Humans can quickly learn a new word from a few illustrative examples, and then systematically and flexibly use it in novel contexts. Yet the abilities of current language models for few-shot word learning, and methods for improving these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wentao Wang , Guangyuan Jiang , Tal Linzen , Brenden M. Lake

Agents built on vision-language models increasingly face tasks that demand anticipating future states rather than relying on short-horizon reasoning. Generative world models offer a promising remedy: agents could use them as external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Bingxuan Li , Xiusi Chen , Yuji Zhang , Bingxiang He , Qinyu Luo , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Yunzhu Li , Heng Ji

Unsupervised meta-learning aims to learn feature representations from unsupervised datasets that can transfer to downstream tasks with limited labeled data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to unsupervised meta-learning that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Anna Vettoruzzo , Lorenzo Braccaioli , Joaquin Vanschoren , Marlena Nowaczyk

World models learn to predict the temporal evolution of visual observations given a control signal, potentially enabling agents to reason about environments through forward simulation. Because of the focus on forward simulation, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yiqing Shen , Aiza Maksutova , Chenjia Li , Mathias Unberath

How can we generate samples from a conditional distribution that we never fully observe? This question arises across a broad range of applications in both modern machine learning and classical statistics, including image post-processing in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Anirban Chatterjee , Sayantan Choudhury , Rohan Hore

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently emerged as a popular building block for natural language processing (NLP). Despite their success, most existing CNN models employed in NLP share the same learned (and static) set of filters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Dinghan Shen , Martin Renqiang Min , Yitong Li , Lawrence Carin

This paper presents an auto-optimal model predictive control (MPC) framework enhanced with active learning, designed to autonomously track optimal operational conditions in an unknown environment,where the conditions may dynamically adjust…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Yuan Tan , Jun Yang , Zhongguo Li , Wen-Hua Chen , Shihua Li

Various world model frameworks are being developed today based on autoregressive frameworks that rely on discrete representations of actions and observations, and these frameworks are succeeding in constructing interactive generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Kohei Hayashi , Masanori Koyama , Julian Jorge Andrade Guerreiro

Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) are widely used for controlling cyber-physical systems. It is an iterative process of optimizing the prediction of the future states of a robot over a fixed time horizon. MPCs are effective in practice,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Aravindakumar Vijayasri Mohan Kumar

With the rise of powerful pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP, it becomes essential to investigate ways to adapt these models to downstream datasets. A recently proposed method named Context Optimization (CoOp) introduces the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Kaiyang Zhou , Jingkang Yang , Chen Change Loy , Ziwei Liu

Continual learning (CL) aims to efficiently learn from a non-stationary data stream, without storing or recomputing all seen samples. CL enables prediction on new tasks by incorporating sequential training samples. Building on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chongyang Zhao , Dong Gong

Neural Processes (NPs) are a popular class of approaches for meta-learning. Similar to Gaussian Processes (GPs), NPs define distributions over functions and can estimate uncertainty in their predictions. However, unlike GPs, NPs and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover