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In a static environment, optional participation and a local agglomeration of cooperators are found to be beneficial for the occurrence and maintenance of cooperation. In the optional public goods game, the rock-scissors-paper cycles of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-05 Li-Xin Zhong , Wen-Juan Xu , Yong-Dong Shi , Tian Qiu

Shared-autonomy imitation learning lets a human correct a robot in real time, mitigating covariate-shift errors. Yet existing approaches ignore two critical factors: (i) the operator's cognitive load and (ii) the risk created by delayed or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Taewoo Kim , Donghyung Kim , Minsu Jang , Jaehong Kim

An open problem in evolutionary game dynamics is to understand the effect of peer pressure on cooperation in a quantitative manner. Peer pressure can be modeled by punishment, which has been proved to be an effective mechanism to sustain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-09-23 Han-Xin Yang , Zhi-Xi Wu , Zhihai Rong , Ying-Cheng Lai

When studying social dilemma games, a crucial question arises regarding the impact of general heterogeneity on cooperation, which has been shown to have positive effects in numerous studies. Here, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-16 Lucas S. Flores , Mendeli H. Vainstein , Heitor C. M. Fernandes , Marco A. Amaral

The tragedy of the commons illustrates a fundamental social dilemma where individual rational actions lead to collectively undesired outcomes, threatening the sustainability of shared resources. Strategies to escape this dilemma, however,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Arend Hintze , Christoph Adami

We study a spatial Prisoner's dilemma game with two types (A and B) of players located on a square lattice. Players following either cooperator or defector strategies play Prisoner's Dilemma games with their 24 nearest neighbors. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Michel Droz , Janusz Szwabiński , György Szabó

The observed cooperation on the level of genes, cells, tissues, and individuals has been the object of intense study by evolutionary biologists, mainly because cooperation often flourishes in biological systems in apparent contradiction to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-10-21 Dimitris Iliopoulos , Arend Hintze , Christoph Adami

Cooperation in one-shot anonymous interactions is a widely documented aspect of human behaviour. Here we shed light on the motivations behind this behaviour by experimentally exploring cooperation in a one-shot continuous-strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-14 Valerio Capraro , Jillian J. Jordan , David G. Rand

Dynamic environments shape diverse dynamics in evolutionary game systems. We introduce spatial heterogeneity of resources into the prisoner's dilemma game model to explore coevolutionary game dynamics with environmental feedback. The…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-17 Yi-Duo Chen , Jian-Yue Guan , Zhi-Xi Wu

The efficiency of institutionalized punishment is studied by evaluating the stationary states in the spatial public goods game comprising unconditional defectors, cooperators, and cooperating pool-punishers as the three competing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-03-08 Attila Szolnoki , Gyorgy Szabo , Matjaz Perc

In this work, we ask for and answer what makes classical temporal-difference reinforcement learning with epsilon-greedy strategies cooperative. Cooperating in social dilemma situations is vital for animals, humans, and machines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Wolfram Barfuss , Janusz Meylahn

Recent paradigm shifts from imitation learning to reinforcement learning (RL) is shown to be productive in understanding human behaviors. In the RL paradigm, individuals search for optimal strategies through interaction with the environment…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 Guozhong Zheng , Jiqiang Zhang , Shengfeng Deng , Weiran Cai , Li Chen

Random graphs are useful tools to study social interactions. In particular, the use of weighted random graphs allows to handle a high level of information concerning which agents interact and in which degree the interactions take place.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Jose J. Ramasco

Machine learning relies on the assumption that unseen test instances of a classification problem follow the same distribution as observed training data. However, this principle can break down when machine learning is used to make important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Moritz Hardt , Nimrod Megiddo , Christos Papadimitriou , Mary Wootters

This work is a study of the properties of collaboration networks employing the formalism of weighted graphs to represent their one-mode projection. The weight of the edges is directly the number of times that a partnership has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Jose J. Ramasco , Steven A. Morris

We present an extensive, systematic study of the Prisoner's Dilemma and Snowdrift games on a square lattice under a synchronous, noiseless imitation dynamics. We show that for both the occupancy of the network and the (random) mobility of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-11-25 Mendeli H. Vainstein , Jeferson J. Arenzon

Economic experiments reveal that humans value cooperation and fairness. Punishing unfair behavior is therefore common, and according to the theory of strong reciprocity, it is also directly related to rewarding cooperative behavior.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-28 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Everyone wants clean air, peace and other public goods but is tempted to freeride on others' efforts. The usual way out of this dilemma is to impose norms, maintain reputations and incentivize individuals to contribute. In situations of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-06 Jeroen Bruggeman , Rudolf Sprik

Cooperation in heterogeneous groups, where individuals differ in resources, productivity, and behavioural responsiveness, underpins collective action across many social and biological systems. Introspection dynamics, in which each player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Harry Foster , Vincent A. Knight , Sebastian Krapohl

Repeated interaction between individuals is the main mechanism for maintaining cooperation in social dilemma situations. Variants of tit-for-tat (repeating the previous action of the opponent) and the win-stay lose-shift strategy are known…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-08 Shoma Tanabe , Naoki Masuda
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