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Phylogenetic networks are used to study evolutionary relationships between species in biology. Such networks are often categorized into classes by their topological features, which stem from both biological and computational motivations. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Yukihiro Murakami , Norbert Zeh

Rooted phylogenetic networks are used by biologists to infer and represent complex evolutionary relationships between species that cannot be accurately explained by a phylogenetic tree. Tree-child networks are a particular class of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Janosch Döcker , Simone Linz

Phylogenetic trees are widely used to display estimates of how groups of species evolved. Each phylogenetic tree can be seen as a collection of clusters, subgroups of the species that evolved from a common ancestor. When phylogenetic trees…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-10-19 Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Regula Rupp , Daniel Huson

In phylogenetics, evolution is traditionally represented in a tree-like manner. However, phylogenetic networks can be more appropriate for representing evolutionary events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, and others. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Manuel Lafond , Vincent Moulton

Phylogenetic networks provide a more general description of evolutionary relationships than rooted phylogenetic trees. One way to produce a phylogenetic network is to randomly place $k$ arcs between the edges of a rooted binary phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Michael Fuchs , Mike Steel , Qiang Zhang

A large class of phylogenetic networks can be obtained from trees by the addition of horizontal edges between the tree edges. These networks are called tree based networks. Reticulation-visible networks and child-sibling networks are all…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-09 Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that are used to represent reticulate evolution. Unrooted phylogenetic networks form a special class of such networks, which naturally generalize unrooted phylogenetic trees.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-11 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Taoyang Wu

Phylogenetic networks are becoming increasingly popular in phylogenetics since they have the ability to describe a wider range of evolutionary events than their tree counterparts. In this paper, we study Markov models on phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-12 Elizabeth Gross , Colby Long

Phylogenetic networks are becoming of increasing interest to evolutionary biologists due to their ability to capture complex non-treelike evolutionary processes. From a combinatorial point of view, such networks are certain types of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Katharina T. Huber , Guillaume E. Scholz

Rooted phylogenetic networks allow biologists to represent evolutionary relationships between present-day species by revealing ancestral speciation and hybridization events. A convenient and well-studied class of such networks are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-02 Qiang Zhang , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic networks are rooted, labelled directed acyclic graphs which are commonly used to represent reticulate evolution. There is a close relationship between phylogenetic networks and multi-labelled trees (MUL-trees). Indeed, any…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-16 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Mike Steel , Taoyang Wu

Phylogenetic networks are an extension of phylogenetic trees which are used to represent evolutionary histories in which reticulation events (such as recombination and hybridization) have occurred. A central question for such networks is…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-28 Andrew Francis , Vincent Moulton

Rooted phylogenetic networks are rooted acyclic digraphs. They are used to model complex evolution where hybridization, recombination and other reticulation events play important roles. A rigorous definition of network compression is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Andreas D. M. Gunawan , Hongwei Yan , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic network is an evolutionary model that uses a rooted directed acyclic graph (instead of a tree) to model an evolutionary history of species in which reticulate events (e.g., hybrid speciation or horizontal gene transfer)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-01 Yufeng Wu , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks are mathematical structures for modeling and visualization of reticulation processes in the study of evolution. Galled networks, reticulation visible networks, nearly-stable networks and stable-child networks are the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-02 Andreas D. M. Gunawan , Louxin Zhang

Reticulate evolution gives rise to complex phylogenetic networks, making their interpretation challenging. A typical approach is to extract trees within such networks. Since Francis and Steel's seminal paper, "Which Phylogenetic Networks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Takatora Suzuki , Momoko Hayamizu

Galled trees are widely studied as a recombination model in population genetics. This class of phylogenetic networks is generalized into galled networks by relaxing a structural condition. In this work, a linear recurrence formula is given…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-21 Andreas DM Gunawan , Jeyaram Rathin , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks generalize phylogenetic trees by allowing reticulate evolutionary events such as horizontal gene transfer and hybridization. Among the many subclasses of phylogenetic networks, orchard networks have attracted…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Peng Li , Zhiwei Liu , Yangjing Long

Trees have long been used as a graphical representation of species relationships. However complex evolutionary events, such as genetic reassortments or hybrid speciations which occur commonly in viruses, bacteria and plants, do not fit into…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-24 Sebastien Roch , Kun-Chieh Wang

Recently, so-called treebased phylogenetic networks have gained considerable interest in the literature, where a treebased network is a network that can be constructed from a phylogenetic tree, called the base tree, by adding additional…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-28 Mareike Fischer , Michelle Galla , Lina Herbst , Yangjing Long , Kristina Wicke