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A fundamental challenge in semi-supervised learning lies in the observed data's disproportional size when compared with the size of the data collected with missing outcomes. An implicit understanding is that the dataset with missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yuqian Zhang , Jelena Bradic

Causal inference problems have remained an important research topic over the past several decades due to their general applicability in assessing a treatment effect in many different real-world settings. In this paper, we propose two…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-17 Jingyue Huang , Changbao Wu , Leilei Zeng

Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-09 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Fan Li

Consider semiparametric estimation where a doubly robust estimating function for a low-dimensional parameter is available, depending on two working models. With high-dimensional data, we develop regularized calibrated estimation as a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-28 Satyajit Ghosh , Zhiqiang Tan

Many estimators of the average effect of a treatment on an outcome require estimation of the propensity score, the outcome regression, or both. It is often beneficial to utilize flexible techniques such as semiparametric regression or…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-14 Cheng Ju , David Benkeser , Mark J. van der Laan

This paper proposes an identification inspired from the SVAR-IV literature that uses external instruments to identify PVARs, and discusses associated issues of identification, estimation, and inference. I introduce a form of local average…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-25 Raimondo Pala

Linear regressions with period and group fixed effects are widely used to estimate treatment effects. We show that they estimate weighted sums of the average treatment effects (ATE) in each group and period, with weights that may be…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-04-18 Clément de Chaisemartin , Xavier D'Haultfœuille

The difference-in-differences (DiD) design is a quasi-experimental method for estimating treatment effects. In staggered DiD with multiple treatment groups and periods, estimation based on the two-way fixed effects model yields negative…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Yuhao Deng , Le Kang

This study introduces a new approach to power analysis in the context of estimating a local average treatment effect (LATE), where the study subjects exhibit noncompliance with treatment assignment. As a result of distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-10 Kirk Bansak

This paper provides estimation and inference methods for a conditional average treatment effects (CATE) characterized by a high-dimensional parameter in both homogeneous cross-sectional and unit-heterogeneous dynamic panel data settings. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Vira Semenova , Matt Goldman , Victor Chernozhukov , Matt Taddy

Many methods have been proposed to estimate treatment effects with observational data. Often, the choice of the method considers the application's characteristics, such as type of treatment and outcome, confounding effect, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Raquel Aoki , Martin Ester

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect treatment heterogeneity in subgroups defined by cross-classifications of multiple covariates, due to sparse sample sizes in some strata. External RCT data can help, but…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-23 Youqi Yang , Walter Dempsey , Bhramar Mukherjee

Inferring unbiased treatment effects has received widespread attention in the machine learning community. In recent years, our community has proposed numerous solutions in standard settings, high-dimensional treatment settings, and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Krzysztof Kacprzyk , Samuel Holt , Jeroen Berrevoets , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

High-dimensional group inference is an essential part of statistical methods for analysing complex data sets, including hierarchical testing, tests of interaction, detection of heterogeneous treatment effects and inference for local…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-01 Zijian Guo , Claude Renaux , Peter Bühlmann , T. Tony Cai

Heavy-tailed metrics are common and often critical to product evaluation in the online world. While we may have samples large enough for Central Limit Theorem to kick in, experimentation is challenging due to the wide confidence interval of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-05-23 Jason , Wang , Pauline Burke

This paper studies the case of possibly high-dimensional covariates in the regression discontinuity design (RDD) analysis. In particular, we propose estimation and inference methods for the RDD models with covariate selection which perform…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Yoichi Arai , Taisuke Otsu , Myung Hwan Seo

Linear models are foundational tools in statistics and ubiquitous across the applied sciences. However, conventional statistical inference -- such as $t$-tests and $F$-tests -- are only valid at fixed sample sizes, making them unsuitable…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Michael Lindon , Dae Woong Ham , Martin Tingley , Iavor Bojinov

We study identification and estimation in the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) with a multivalued treatment variable. We also allow for the inclusion of covariates. We show that without additional information, treatment effects are not…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-02 Carolina Caetano , Gregorio Caetano , Juan Carlos Escanciano

In observational causal inference, domain knowledge often leaves multiple covariate adjustments plausible, yet which sets satisfy ignorability is untestable. Different adjustment sets can yield conflicting estimates of the average treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-23 Aditya Ghosh , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an essential component of precision medicine. Model and algorithm-based methods have been developed within the causal inference framework to achieve valid estimation and inference. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-10 Ruohong Li , Honglang Wang , Wanzhu Tu
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