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Neural scaling laws, which in some domains can predict the performance of large neural networks as a function of model, data, and compute scale, are the cornerstone of building foundation models in Natural Language Processing and Computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shashank Subramanian , Alexander Kiefer , Arnur Nigmetov , Amir Gholami , Dmitriy Morozov , Michael W. Mahoney

One of the things that need to change when it comes to machine translation is the models' ability to translate code-switching content, especially with the rise of social media and user-generated content. In this paper, we are proposing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Mohamed Anwar

Quantization is an effective technique for reducing the storage footprint and computational costs of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it often results in performance degradation. Existing post-training quantization methods typically use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Mostafa Elhoushi , Bruce A. Bassett

For years the model performance in machine learning obeyed a power-law relationship with the model size. For the consideration of parameter efficiency, recent studies focus on increasing model depth rather than width to achieve better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ye Lin , Shuhan Zhou , Yanyang Li , Anxiang Ma , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large language models have demonstrated predictable scaling behaviors with respect to model parameters and training data. This study investigates whether a similar scaling relationship exist for vision-language models with respect to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Qibin Zhao

While preliminary findings indicate that multilingual LLMs exhibit reduced bias compared to monolingual ones, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of multilingual training on bias mitigation, is lacking. This study addresses this gap…

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) predict model performance based on parameters like size and training data. However, differences in training configurations and data processing across model families lead to significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Felipe Maia Polo , Seamus Somerstep , Leshem Choshen , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Scaling up language models has led to unprecedented performance gains, but little is understood about how the training dynamics change as models get larger. How do language models of different sizes learn during pre-training? Why do larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mengzhou Xia , Mikel Artetxe , Chunting Zhou , Xi Victoria Lin , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Danqi Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Ves Stoyanov

The adaption of multilingual pre-trained LLMs into eloquent and helpful assistants is essential to facilitate their use across different language regions. In that spirit, we are the first to conduct an extensive study of the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alexander Arno Weber , Klaudia Thellmann , Jan Ebert , Nicolas Flores-Herr , Jens Lehmann , Michael Fromm , Mehdi Ali

Recent large language models have been trained on vast datasets, but also often on repeated data, either intentionally for the purpose of upweighting higher quality data, or unintentionally because data deduplication is not perfect and the…

We study the empirical scaling laws of a family of encoder-decoder autoregressive transformer models on the task of joint motion forecasting and planning in the autonomous driving domain. Using a 500 thousand hours driving dataset, we…

Learning arguably involves the discovery and memorization of abstract rules. The aim of this paper is to study associative memory mechanisms. Our model is based on high-dimensional matrices consisting of outer products of embeddings, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-22 Vivien Cabannes , Elvis Dohmatob , Alberto Bietti

Scaling laws aim to accurately predict model performance across different scales. Existing scaling-law studies almost exclusively rely on cross-entropy as the evaluation metric. However, cross-entropy provides only a partial view of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Baoqing Yue , Jinyuan Zhou , Zixi Wei , Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

The prevailing paradigm in large language model (LLM) development is to pretrain a base model, then perform further training to improve performance and model behavior. However, hyperparameter optimization and scaling laws have been studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Tessa Han , Sebastian Bordt , Hanlin Zhang , Sham Kakade

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse languages. This study explores how LLMs handle multilingualism. Based on observed language ratio shifts among layers and the relationships between network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yiran Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing

Data scaling has revolutionized fields like natural language processing and computer vision, providing models with remarkable generalization capabilities. In this paper, we investigate whether similar data scaling laws exist in robotics,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yingdong Hu , Fanqi Lin , Pingyue Sheng , Chuan Wen , Jiacheng You , Yang Gao

Work on scaling laws has found that large language models (LMs) show predictable improvements to overall loss with increased scale (model size, training data, and compute). Here, we present evidence for the claim that LMs may show inverse…

Multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) enables training a single model that supports translation from multiple source languages into multiple target languages. In this paper, we push the limits of multilingual NMT in terms of number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Roee Aharoni , Melvin Johnson , Orhan Firat

Current multilingual vision-language models either require a large number of additional parameters for each supported language, or suffer performance degradation as languages are added. In this paper, we propose a Scalable Multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Andrea Burns , Donghyun Kim , Derry Wijaya , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

Cross-lingual, cross-task transfer is challenged by task-specific data scarcity, which becomes more severe as language support grows and is further amplified in vision-language models (VLMs). We investigate multilingual generalization in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Julian Spravil , Sebastian Houben , Sven Behnke