Related papers: Consistency Tests for Comparing Astrophysical Mode…

A plethora of observational data obtained over the last couple of decades has allowed cosmology to enter into a precision era and has led to the foundation of the standard cosmological constant and cold dark matter paradigm, known as the…

We propose and study a general method for construction of consistent statistical tests on the basis of possibly indirect, corrupted, or partially available observations. The class of tests devised in the paper contains Neyman's smooth…

We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…

Existing approaches to model uncertainty typically either compare models using a quantitative model selection criterion or evaluate posterior model probabilities having set a prior. In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy which…

The complexity and accuracy of current and future precision cosmology observational campaigns has made it essential to develop an efficient technique for directly combining simulation and observational datasets to determine cosmological and…

Despite centuries of close association, statistics and astronomy are surprisingly distant today. Most observational astronomical research relies on an inadequate toolbox of methodological tools. Yet the needs are substantial: astronomy…

We are pleased to present a Special Section on Statistics and Astronomy in this issue of the The Annals of Applied Statistics. Astronomy is an observational rather than experimental science; as a result, astronomical data sets both small…

Much of the science that is made possible by multiwavelength redshift surveys requires the use of photometric redshifts. But as these surveys become more ambitious, and as we seek to perform increasingly accurate measurements, it becomes…

Consistency, defined as the requirement that a series of measurements of the same project carried out by different raters using the same method should produce similar results, is one of the most important aspects to be taken into account in…

Time-of-flight measurements such as the OPERA and MINOS experiments rely crucially on statistical analysis (as well as many other ingredients) for their conclusions. The nature of these experiments leads to a simple class of statistical…

The redshift distribution of galaxy lenses in known gravitational lens systems provides a powerful test that can potentially discriminate amongst cosmological models. However, applications of this elegant test have been curtailed by two…

Observational astronomy is plagued with selection effects that must be taken into account when interpreting data from astronomical surveys. Because of the physical limitations of observing time and instrument sensitivity, datasets are…

Conjunction assessment requires knowledge of the uncertainty in the predicted orbit. Errors in the atmospheric density are a major source of error in the prediction of low Earth orbits. Therefore, accurate estimation of the density and…

The random coefficients model is an extension of the linear regression model that allows for unobserved heterogeneity in the population by modeling the regression coefficients as random variables. Given data from this model, the statistical…

Model misspecification can create significant challenges for the implementation of probabilistic models, and this has led to development of a range of robust methods which directly account for this issue. However, whether these more…

Many commonly used test statistics are based on a norm measuring the evidence against the null hypothesis. To understand how the choice of a norm affects power properties of tests in high dimensions, we study the consistency sets of…

We consider deconvolution from repeated observations with unknown error distribution. So far, this model has mostly been studied under the additional assumption that the errors are symmetric. We construct an estimator for the non-symmetric…

Uncertainty quantification is a key part of astronomy and physics; scientific researchers attempt to model both statistical and systematic uncertainties in their data as best as possible, often using a Bayesian framework. Decisions might…

Symmetry tests provide an important probe for the structure of elementary particle interactions and for the validity of the standard model. However, it is pointed out that in the interpretation of such experiments one must keep in mind that…

Recently we proposed a new approach to the testing of dark energy models based on the observational data. In that work we focused particularly on quintessence models for demonstration and invoked a widely used parametrization of the dark…