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We analyze multi-layer neural networks in the asymptotic regime of simultaneously (A) large network sizes and (B) large numbers of stochastic gradient descent training iterations. We rigorously establish the limiting behavior of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Justin Sirignano , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We show that parametric models trained by a stochastic gradient method (SGM) with few iterations have vanishing generalization error. We prove our results by arguing that SGM is algorithmically stable in the sense of Bousquet and Elisseeff.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Moritz Hardt , Benjamin Recht , Yoram Singer

As deep neural networks are highly expressive, it is important to find solutions with small generalization gap (the difference between the performance on the training data and unseen data). Focusing on the stochastic nature of training, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rie Johnson , Tong Zhang

Recent works have shown that on sufficiently over-parametrized neural nets, gradient descent with relatively large initialization optimizes a prediction function in the RKHS of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). This analysis leads to global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-28 Colin Wei , Jason D. Lee , Qiang Liu , Tengyu Ma

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

We analyze the generalization properties of two-layer neural networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime, trained with gradient descent (GD). For early stopped GD we derive fast rates of convergence that are known to be minimax…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-18 Mike Nguyen , Nicole Mücke

Can we modify the training data distribution to encourage the underlying optimization method toward finding solutions with superior generalization performance on in-distribution data? In this work, we approach this question for the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dang Nguyen , Paymon Haddad , Eric Gan , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Classical statistical learning theory predicts that overparameterized models should exhibit severe overfitting, yet modern deep neural networks with far more parameters than training samples consistently generalize well. This contradiction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zeran Johannsen

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

Despite the widespread empirical success of ResNet, the generalization properties of deep ResNet are rarely explored beyond the lazy training regime. In this work, we investigate \emph{scaled} ResNet in the limit of infinitely deep and wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yihang Chen , Fanghui Liu , Yiping Lu , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Volkan Cevher

Existing generalization measures that aim to capture a model's simplicity based on parameter counts or norms fail to explain generalization in overparameterized deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a new, theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Lorenz Kuhn , Clare Lyle , Aidan N. Gomez , Jonas Rothfuss , Yarin Gal

We study the training of finite-width two-layer smoothed ReLU networks for binary classification using the logistic loss. We show that gradient descent drives the training loss to zero if the initial loss is small enough. When the data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-02 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

In modern supervised learning, many deep neural networks are able to interpolate the data: the empirical loss can be driven to near zero on all samples simultaneously. In this work, we explicitly exploit this interpolation property for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Leonard Berrada , Andrew Zisserman , M. Pawan Kumar

Modern neural network architectures often generalize well despite containing many more parameters than the size of the training dataset. This paper explores the generalization capabilities of neural networks trained via gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Samet Oymak , Zalan Fabian , Mingchen Li , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Overparameterization in deep learning typically refers to settings where a trained neural network (NN) has representational capacity to fit the training data in many ways, some of which generalize well, while others do not. In the case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Edo Cohen-Karlik , Itamar Menuhin-Gruman , Raja Giryes , Nadav Cohen , Amir Globerson

Recently, several studies have proven the global convergence and generalization abilities of the gradient descent method for two-layer ReLU networks. Most studies especially focused on the regression problems with the squared loss function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-19 Atsushi Nitanda , Geoffrey Chinot , Taiji Suzuki

This paper is motivated by an open problem around deep networks, namely, the apparent absence of over-fitting despite large over-parametrization which allows perfect fitting of the training data. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

Linear interpolation between initial neural network parameters and converged parameters after training with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) typically leads to a monotonic decrease in the training objective. This Monotonic Linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 James Lucas , Juhan Bae , Michael R. Zhang , Stanislav Fort , Richard Zemel , Roger Grosse

We design and analyze a new paradigm for building supervised learning networks, driven only by local optimization rules without relying on a global error function. Traditional neural networks with a fixed topology are made up of identical…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-10-04 S. Barland , L. Gil

Threshold activation functions are highly preferable in neural networks due to their efficiency in hardware implementations. Moreover, their mode of operation is more interpretable and resembles that of biological neurons. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Tolga Ergen , Halil Ibrahim Gulluk , Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci