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The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…
The low repetition rates and possible shot-to-shot variations in laser-plasma studies place a high value on single-shot diagnostics. For example, white-beam scattering methods based on broadband backlighter x-ray sources are used to…
Single biomolecular imaging using XFEL radiation is an emerging method for protein structure determination using the "diffraction before destruction" method at near atomic resolution. Crucial parameters for such bio-imaging experiments are…
We demonstrate the abilities of elastic x-ray scattering to yield information on dense matter with multiple ion species and on the microscopic mixing in dense materials. Based on partial structure factors from ab initio simulations, a novel…
Radiation damage is considered to be the major problem that still prevents imaging an individual biological molecule for structural analysis. So far, all known mapping techniques using sufficient short wave-length radiation, be it X-rays or…
M\"ossbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that…
This paper discusses new methods for processing images in the photon-limited regime where the number of photons per pixel is binary. We present a new Bayesian denoising method for binary, single-photon images. Each pixel measurement is…
Interpretation of x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) experiments is often done via analyzing the role of particular atoms in the formation of specific peaks in the calculated spectrum. Typically, this is achieved by calculating…
Current single molecule methods either rely on fluorescence or lack chemical information. Here we report stimulated Raman photothermal encoded scattering (SRPSCAT) microscopy for quantitative bond-selective imaging of single-biomolecule…
A deep understanding of molecular photo-transformations is challenging because of the complex interaction between the configurations of electrons and nuclei. An initial optical excitation dissipates energy into electronic and structural…
Split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy has been proposed as one of the unique capabilities made possible with the x-ray free electron lasers. It enables characterization of atomic scale structural dynamics that dictates the…
We use a coarse-grained molecular model to study the self-assembly process of complexes of cationic and neutral lipids with DNA molecules ("lipoplexes") - a promising nonviral carrier of DNA for gene therapy. We identify the resulting…
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of single molecules at atomic resolution is a major goal for the x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). However, during an imaging pulse, the fast laser-induced ionization may strongly affect the recorded…
Established x-ray diffraction methods allow for high-resolution structure determination of crystals, crystallized protein structures or even single molecules. While these techniques rely on coherent scattering, incoherent processes like…
A new approach to precise determination of atomic matrix elements is described whereby measurement of spectral locations of zeros in the Rayleigh scattering cross-section allows frequency-domain extraction of matrix elements in terms of a…
Stroboscopic nanoscale imaging with free electron laser light is revolutionizing our understanding of fast dynamics in heterogeneous systems. The short wavelength of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation makes it possible to achieve…
The advent of the X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) has made it possible to record diffraction snapshots of biological entities injected into the X-ray beam before the onset of radiation damage. Algorithmic means must then be used to…
Visual inspection of x-ray scattering images is a powerful technique for probing the physical structure of materials at the molecular scale. In this paper, we explore the use of deep learning to develop methods for automatically analyzing…
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments have brought unique capabilities and opened new directions in research, such as creating new states of matter or directly measuring atomic motion. One such area is the ability to use finely…
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is extensively used in materials science as a way of examining nanostructures. The analysis of experimental SAXS data involves mapping a rather simple data format to a vast amount of structural models.…