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Three-dimensional molecular structure generation is typically performed at the level of individual atoms, yet molecular graph generation techniques often consider fragments as their structural units. Building on the advances in frame-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Roman Poletukhin , Marcel Kollovieh , Eike Eberhard , Stephan Günnemann

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have pioneered new state-of-the-art results in disciplines such as computer vision and computational biology for diverse tasks ranging from text-guided image generation to structure-guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Alex Morehead , Jianlin Cheng

We study how to generate molecule conformations (i.e., 3D structures) from a molecular graph. Traditional methods, such as molecular dynamics, sample conformations via computationally expensive simulations. Recently, machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Minkai Xu , Shitong Luo , Yoshua Bengio , Jian Peng , Jian Tang

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have demonstrated strong performance in generative modeling, particularly in image synthesis, making them a compelling choice for molecular conformer generation. However, applying DiTs to molecules introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 J. Thorben Frank , Winfried Ripken , Gregor Lied , Klaus-Robert Müller , Oliver T. Unke , Stefan Chmiela

We propose a new score-based approach to generate 3D molecules represented as atomic densities on regular grids. First, we train a denoising neural network that learns to map from a smooth distribution of noisy molecules to the distribution…

Drug development is a critical but notoriously resource- and time-consuming process. In this manuscript, we develop a novel generative artificial intelligence (genAI) method DiffSMol to facilitate drug development. DiffSmol generates 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ziqi Chen , Bo Peng , Tianhua Zhai , Daniel Adu-Ampratwum , Xia Ning

The open-world test dataset is often mixed with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, where the deployed models will struggle to make accurate predictions. Traditional detection methods need to trade off OOD detection and in-distribution (ID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xu Shen , Yili Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang

We introduce a new framework for molecular graph generation with 3D molecular generative models. Our Synthetic Coordinate Embedding (SyCo) framework maps molecular graphs to Euclidean point clouds via synthetic conformer coordinates and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mohamed Amine Ketata , Nicholas Gao , Johanna Sommer , Tom Wollschläger , Stephan Günnemann

3D spatial graphs play a crucial role in biological and clinical research by modeling anatomical networks such as blood vessels,neurons, and airways. However, generating 3D biological graphs while maintaining anatomical validity remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chinmay Prabhakar , Suprosanna Shit , Tamaz Amiranashvili , Hongwei Bran Li , Bjoern Menze

De novo molecular generation from tandem mass spectra is a challenging inverse problem whose core difficulty lies in the circular dependency between atom-level and bond-level reasoning: determining a bond's type requires knowing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xujun Che , Xiuxia Du , Depeng Xu

Molecular conformation generation, a critical aspect of computational chemistry, involves producing the three-dimensional conformer geometry for a given molecule. Generating molecular conformation via diffusion requires learning to reverse…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Zihan Zhou , Ruiying Liu , Chaolong Ying , Ruimao Zhang , Tianshu Yu

Inverse molecular design with diffusion models holds great potential for advancements in material and drug discovery. Despite success in unconditional molecular generation, integrating multiple properties such as synthetic score and gas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Gang Liu , Jiaxin Xu , Tengfei Luo , Meng Jiang

Graph generation is a critical yet challenging task, as empirical analyses require a deep understanding of complex, non-Euclidean structures. Diffusion models have recently made significant advances in graph generation, but these models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yiming Huang , Tolga Birdal

AI-based molecule generation provides a promising approach to a large area of biomedical sciences and engineering, such as antibody design, hydrolase engineering, or vaccine development. Because the molecules are governed by physical laws,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Lemeng Wu , Chengyue Gong , Xingchao Liu , Mao Ye , Qiang Liu

Molecular conformation generation plays key roles in computational drug design. Recently developed deep learning methods, particularly diffusion models have reached competitive performance over traditional cheminformatical approaches.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yixuan Yang , Xingyu Fang , Zhaowen Cheng , Pengju Yan , Xiaolin Li

Generating desirable molecular structures in 3D is a fundamental problem for drug discovery. Despite the considerable progress we have achieved, existing methods usually generate molecules in atom resolution and ignore intrinsic local…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-29 Bo Qiang , Yuxuan Song , Minkai Xu , Jingjing Gong , Bowen Gao , Hao Zhou , Weiying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Generative AI presents chemists with novel ideas for drug design and facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces. Diffusion models (DMs), an emerging tool, have recently attracted great attention in drug R\&D. This paper…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Peining Zhang , Daniel Baker , Minghu Song , Jinbo Bi

Generative models, especially diffusion models (DMs), have achieved promising results for generating feature-rich geometries and advancing foundational science problems such as molecule design. Inspired by the recent huge success of Stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Minkai Xu , Alexander Powers , Ron Dror , Stefano Ermon , Jure Leskovec

Developing bioactive molecules remains a central, time- and cost-heavy challenge in drug discovery, particularly for novel targets lacking structural or functional data. Pharmacophore modeling presents an alternative for capturing the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Amira Alakhdar , Barnabas Poczos , Newell Washburn

Large generative diffusion models have revolutionized text-to-image generation and offer immense potential for conditional generation tasks such as image enhancement, restoration, editing, and compositing. However, their widespread adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kangfu Mei , Mauricio Delbracio , Hossein Talebi , Zhengzhong Tu , Vishal M. Patel , Peyman Milanfar