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Language Models (LMs) have been shown to leak information about training data through sentence-level membership inference and reconstruction attacks. Understanding the risk of LMs leaking Personally Identifiable Information (PII) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Nils Lukas , Ahmed Salem , Robert Sim , Shruti Tople , Lukas Wutschitz , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin

Many datasets contain personally identifiable information, or PII, which poses privacy risks to individuals. PII masking is commonly used to redact personal information such as names, addresses, and phone numbers from text data. Most modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Courtney Mansfield , Amandalynne Paullada , Kristen Howell

The (generative) artificial intelligence (AI) era has profoundly reshaped the meaning and value of data. No longer confined to static content, data now permeates every stage of the AI lifecycle from the training samples that shape model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yiming Li , Shuo Shao , Yu He , Junfeng Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Zhan Qin , Pin-Yu Chen , Michael Backes , Philip Torr , Dacheng Tao , Kui Ren

The eruption of big data with the increasing collection and processing of vast volumes and variety of data have led to breakthrough discoveries and innovation in science, engineering, medicine, commerce, criminal justice, and national…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Fang Liu

In the current data driven era, synthetic data, artificially generated data that resembles the characteristics of real world data without containing actual personal information, is gaining prominence. This is due to its potential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tshilidzi Marwala , Eleonore Fournier-Tombs , Serge Stinckwich

Since its introduction in 2006, differential privacy has emerged as a predominant statistical tool for quantifying data privacy in academic works. Yet despite the plethora of research and open-source utilities that have accompanied its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Xiaoyuan Liu , Florian Matthes , Dawn Song

Privacy personas capture the differences in user segments with respect to one's knowledge, behavioural patterns, level of self-efficacy, and perception of the importance of privacy protection. Modelling these differences is essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Olena Hrynenko , Andrea Cavallaro

Many smartphone apps transmit personally identifiable information (PII), often without the users knowledge. To address this issue, we present PrivacyProxy, a system that monitors outbound network traffic and generates app-specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Gaurav Srivastava , Kunal Bhuwalka , Swarup Kumar Sahoo , Saksham Chitkara , Kevin Ku , Matt Fredrikson , Jason Hong , Yuvraj Agarwal

The proliferation of AI agents, with their complex and context-dependent actions, renders conventional privacy paradigms obsolete. This position paper argues that the current model of privacy management, rooted in a user's unilateral…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shuning Zhang , Ying Ma , Jingruo Chen , Simin Li , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

Context: Digital and physical trails of user activities are collected over the use of software applications and systems. As software becomes ubiquitous, protecting user privacy has become challenging. With the increase of user privacy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Pattaraporn Sangaroonsilp , Hoa Khanh Dam , Morakot Choetkiertikul , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Aditya Ghose

The increasing availability of personal data has enabled significant advances in fields such as machine learning, healthcare, and cybersecurity. However, this data abundance also raises serious privacy concerns, especially in light of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Napsu Karmitsa , Antti Airola , Tapio Pahikkala , Tinja Pitkämäki

The internet is a common place for businesses to collect and store as much client data as possible and computer storage capacity has increased exponentially due to this trend. Businesses utilize this data to enhance customer satisfaction,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rabia Bajwa , Farah Tasnur Meem

Sanitizing sensitive text data typically involves removing personally identifiable information (PII) or generating synthetic data under the assumption that these methods adequately protect privacy; however, their effectiveness is often only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Rui Xin , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Shuyue Stella Li , Michael Duan , Hyunwoo Kim , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Sewoong Oh , Pang Wei Koh

In the modern digital world users need to make privacy and security choices that have far-reaching consequences. Researchers are increasingly studying people's decisions when facing with privacy and security trade-offs, the pressing and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Paola Inverardi , Patrizio Migliarini , Massimiliano Palmiero

Organisations disclose their privacy practices by posting privacy policies on their website. Even though users often care about their digital privacy, they often don't read privacy policies since they require a significant investment in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mukund Srinath , Shomir Wilson , C. Lee Giles

Privacy preferences are not fixed individual traits, they depend on context and lived experiences. In this study, we analyze 2,912 survey responses from 782 college students collected over seven survey periods during 2023 and 2024. We ask…

Privacy policies are the primary channel through which companies inform users about their data collection and sharing practices. These policies are often long and difficult to comprehend. Short notices based on information extracted from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Hamza Harkous , Kassem Fawaz , Rémi Lebret , Florian Schaub , Kang G. Shin , Karl Aberer

In this report, we present an approach to enhance informed consent for the processing of personal data. The approach relies on a privacy policy language used to express, compare and analyze privacy policies. We describe a tool that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Raúl Pardo , Daniel Le Métayer

In the era of big data, there is an increasing need for healthcare providers, communities, and researchers to share data and collaborate to improve health outcomes, generate valuable insights, and advance research. The Health Insurance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Kai Zhang , Xiaoqian Jiang

Detecting personally identifiable information (PII) in user queries is critical for ensuring privacy in question-answering systems. Current approaches mainly redact all PII, disregarding the fact that some of them may be contextually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Mariia Ponomarenko , Sepideh Abedini , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , D. B. Emerson , Shubhankar Mohapatra , Xi He