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This paper studies the dynamical evolution of young stellar clusters with $N$ = 100 - 1000 members. We use N-body simulations to explore how evolution depends on system size $N$ and the initial conditions. Motivated by recent observations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Fred C. Adams , Eva M. Proszkow , Marco Fatuzzo , Philip C. Myers

The past decade has seen an increase of star formation studies made at the molecular cloud scale, motivated mostly by the deployment of a wealth of sensitive infrared telescopes and instruments. Embedded clusters, long recognised as the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-07 Joana Ascenso

The observed properties of young star clusters, such as the core radius and luminosity profile, change rapidly during the early evolution of the clusters. Here we present observations of 6 young clusters in M51 where we derive their sizes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 N. Bastian , M. Gieles , S. P. Goodwin , G. Trancho , L. J. Smith , I. Konstantopoulos , Yu. Efremov

Young star clusters can inherit bulk rotation from the molecular clouds from which they have formed. This rotation can affect the long-term evolution of a star cluster and its constituent stellar populations. In this study, we aim to…

Stars form predominantly in groups usually denoted as clusters or associations. The observed stellar groups display a broad spectrum of masses, sizes and other properties, so it is often assumed that there is no underlying structure in this…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 S. Pfalzner , H. Kirk , A. Sills , J. S. Urquhart , J. Kauffmann , M. A. Kuhn , A. Bhandare , K. M. Menten

We analyze the three-dimensional shapes and kinematics of the young star cluster population forming in a high-resolution GRIFFIN project simulation of a metal-poor dwarf galaxy starburst. The star clusters, which follow a power-law mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-02 Natalia Lahén , Thorsten Naab , Peter H. Johansson , Bruce Elmegreen , Chia-Yu Hu , Stefanie Walch

We introduce the MOdelling Star cluster population Assembly In Cosmological Simulations within EAGLE (E-MOSAICS) project. E-MOSAICS incorporates models describing the formation, evolution and disruption of star clusters into the EAGLE…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-28 Joel Pfeffer , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen , Robert A. Crain , Nate Bastian

Both simulations and observations indicate that stars form in filamentary, hierarchically clustered associations, most of which disperse into their galactic field once feedback destroys their parent clouds. However, during their early…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Jonathan M. Craig , Mark R. Krumholz

Stars are usually formed in clusters in the dense cores of molecular clouds. These embedded clusters show a wide variety of morphologies from hierarchical clusters with substructure to centrally condensed ones. Often they are elongated and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 S. Schmeja

We analyze the physical properties of stellar clusters that are detected in massive star-forming regions in the MYStIX project--a comparative, multiwavelength study of young stellar clusters within 3.6 kpc that contain at least one O-type…

Combined HST, X-ray, and ground-based optical studies show that clusters of galaxies are largely "in place" by $z \sim 1$, an epoch when the Universe was less than half its present age. High resolution images show that elliptical, S0, and…

The initial mass--radius relation of embedded star clusters is an essentially important boundary condition for understanding the evolution of embedded clusters in which stars form to their release into the galactic field via an open star…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-01 Jian-Wen Zhou , Pavel Kroupa , Wenjie Wu

We use new models of stellar population synthesis to estimate the fraction of stars formed during the last major bursts of star formation in E/S0 galaxies in low-redshift clusters ($z\simlt0.4$) from the spectral signatures of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 S. Charlot , J. Silk

The mode of star formation that results in the formation of globular clusters and young massive clusters is difficult to constrain through observations. We present models of massive star cluster formation using the Torch framework, which…

The earliest evolution of star clusters involves a phase of co-existence of both newly-formed stars, and the gas from which they are forming. Observations of the gas in such regions provide a wealth of data that can inform the simulations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-28 Alison Sills , Steven Rieder , Anne S. M. Buckner , Alvaro Hacar , Simon Portegies Zwart , Paula S. Teixeira

We introduce the Dynamical Cluster Assembly Framework (D-CAF), an AMUSE-based framework designed to connect embedded star formation histories to the dynamical evolution of young stellar systems. We model star formation through the gradual…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-21 Juan P. Farias , Alison Sills

We model the formation of star clusters in a dwarf galaxy progenitor during the first $700 ~{\rm Myr}$ of cosmic history using a cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic simulation with a sub-grid star formation efficiency (SFE) model calibrated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-03 Fred Angelo Batan Garcia , Massimo Ricotti , Kazuyuki Sugimura

We simulate the formation and evolution of young star clusters using the combination of SPH simulations and direct N-body simulations. We start by performing SPH simulations of the giant molecular cloud with a turbulent velocity field, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-17 M. S. Fujii , S. Portegies Zwart

Galaxies infalling into clusters undergo both star-formation quenching and morphological transformation due to environmental effects. We investigate these processes and their timescales using a local sample of 20,191 cluster and 11,674…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-21 V. M. Sampaio , R. R. de Carvalho , A. Aragón-Salamanca , M. R. Merrifield , I. Ferreras , D. J. Cornwell

We examine the properties of embedded clusters within 1 kiloparsec using new data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, as well as recent results from 2MASS and other ground-based near-infrared surveys. We use surveys of entire molecular clouds…