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Stars orbiting supermassive black holes can generate recurring accretion flares in repeating partial tidal disruption events (TDEs). Here we develop an efficient formalism for analyzing the time-dependent response of a star to the removal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-20 Ananya Bandopadhyay , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon

Tidal disruption events are rare and diverse transients that occur when a star is torn apart by a supermassive black hole and accreted, which can result in a supersoft X-ray thermal transient. Here, we present nine tidal disruption event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-13 R. A. J. Eyles-Ferris , R. L. C. Starling , P. T. O'Brien , K. L. Page , P. A. Evans

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) can be perfect probes of dormant SMBHs in normal galaxies. During the rising phase, the accretion luminosity can increase by orders of magnitude in several weeks and the emergent ionizing radiation illuminates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-15 Wenda Zhang , Wenfei Yu , Vladimir Karas , Michal Dovciak

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) observed in massive galaxies with inferred central black hole masses $M_h > 10^8 \ M_\odot$ are presumptive candidates for TDEs by lower mass secondaries in binary systems. We use hydrodynamic simulations to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-27 Eric R. Coughlin , Philip J. Armitage

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) of stars operated by massive black holes (MBHs) will be detected in thousands by upcoming facilities such as the Vera Rubin Observatory. In this work, we assess the rates of standard total TDEs, destroying the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-12 Elisa Bortolas , Taeho Ryu , Luca Broggi , Alberto Sesana

In a dense star cluster core, a tidal disruption event (TDE) of a white dwarf (WD) can occur if the WD passes within the tidal radius of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Very close encounters cause extreme tidal compression in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-20 Pavan Vynatheya , Luc Dessart , Taeho Ryu , Rüdiger Pakmor

We study the long term evolution of a solar type star that is being disrupted by a super massive (10^6 solar mass) black hole. The evolution is followed from the disruption event, which turns the star into a long thin stream of gas, to the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Ayal , M. Livio , T. Piran

CSS100217 is considered a peculiar tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate occurring in an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Unlike typical TDEs, where the post-flare luminosity is equal to that pre-flare, CSS100217 decayed to $\sim$ 0.4…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-01 Ying Gu , Xiao Li , Xing-Qian Cheng , Dou-Dou Wang , Xue-Guang Zhang , En-Wei Liang

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star travels too close to a supermassive black hole. In some cases, accretion of the disrupted material onto the black hole launches a relativistic jet. In this paper, we present a long term…

The tidal destruction of a star by a massive black hole, known as a tidal disruption event (TDE), is commonly modeled using the "frozen-in" approximation. Under this approximation, the star maintains exact hydrostatic balance prior to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-17 Elad Steinberg , Eric R. Coughlin , Nicholas C. Stone , Brian D. Metzger

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) take place when a star ventures too close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and becomes ruptured. One of the leading proposed physical mechanisms often invoked in the literature involves weak two-body…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-16 Denyz Melchor , Brenna Mockler , Smadar Naoz , Sanaea Rose , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are processes where stars are torn apart by the strong gravitational force near to a massive or supermassive black hole. If a jet is launched in such a process, particle acceleration may take place in internal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-15 Daniel Biehl , Denise Boncioli , Cecilia Lunardini , Walter Winter

Tidal disruption by massive black holes is a phenomenon, during which a large part of gravitational energy can be released on a very short time-scale. The time-scales and energies involved during X-ray and IR flares observed in Galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-04-17 U. Kostic , A. Gomboc , A. Cadez , M. Calvani

Tidal disruption events are routinely discovered as bright optical/UV flares, the properties of which are now well categorized on the population level. The underlying physical processes that produce the evolution of their X-ray emission and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-11 Andrew Mummery , Brian Metzger , Sjoert van Velzen , Muryel Guolo

The disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole generates a sudden bright flare. Previous studies have focused on the disruption by single black holes, for which the fallback rate decays as~$\propto t^{-5/3}$. In this paper, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-21 Quentin Vigneron , Giuseppe Lodato , Alessio Guidarelli

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star or sub-stellar object passes close enough to a galaxy's supermassive black hole to be disrupted by tidal forces. NGC 4845 (d=17 Mpc) was host to a TDE, IGR J12580+0134, detected in November…

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) result from stars being gravitationally-scattered into low angular momentum orbits around massive black holes. We show that the short lifetimes of massive Population III stars at high redshifts could…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-19 Thomas H. T. Wong , George M. Fuller

Stars on orbits with pericenters sufficiently close to the supermassive black hole at the center of their host galaxy can be ripped apart by tidal stresses. Some of the resulting stellar debris becomes more tightly bound to the hole and can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-04-12 Juan Servin , Michael Kesden

The rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs) depends sensitively on the stellar properties of the central galactic regions. Simulations show that galaxy mergers cause gas inflows, triggering nuclear starbursts, increasing the central stellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-09 Hugo Pfister , Ben Bar-Or , Marta Volonteri , Yohan Dubois , Pedro R. Capelo

The theoretical debris supply rate from a tidal disruption of stars can exceed about one hundred times of the Eddington accretion rate for a $10^{6-7}M_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole (SMBH). It is believed that a strong wind will be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-29 Yuehua Zhang , Qingwen Wu , Jiancheng Wu , Xinwu Cao , Weihua Lei