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Regression tasks, notably in safety-critical domains, require proper uncertainty quantification, yet the literature remains largely classification-focused. In this light, we introduce a family of measures for total, aleatoric, and epistemic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Christopher Bülte , Yusuf Sale , Gitta Kutyniok , Eyke Hüllermeier

We identify quantitative characteristics of responses to cyber compromises that can be learned from repeatable, systematic experiments. We model a vehicle equipped with an autonomous cyber-defense system and which also has some inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Alexander Kott , Michael J. Weisman , Joachim Vandekerckhove

Uncertainty is prevalent in engineering design, data-driven problems, and decision making broadly. Due to inherent risk-averseness and ambiguity about assumptions, it is common to address uncertainty by formulating and solving conservative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Johannes O. Royset

As interconnected systems proliferate, safeguarding complex infrastructures against an escalating array of cyber threats has become an urgent challenge. The increasing number of vulnerabilities, combined with resource constraints, makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuning Jiang , Nay Oo , Qiaoran Meng , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

Cyber vulnerability management is a critical function of a cybersecurity operations center (CSOC) that helps protect organizations against cyber-attacks on their computer and network systems. Adversaries hold an asymmetric advantage over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Soumyadeep Hore , Ankit Shah , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Data breaches have begun to take on new dimensions and their prediction is becoming of great importance to organizations. Prior work has addressed this issue mainly from a technical perspective and neglected other interfering aspects such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Hicham Hammouchi , Narjisse Nejjari , Ghita Mezzour , Mounir Ghogho , Houda Benbrahim

Classically, risk is characterized by a point value probability indicating the likelihood of occurrence of an adverse effect. However, there are domains where the attainability of objective numerical risk characterizations is increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Paul J. Krause , John Fox , Philip Judson

Background: Timely prioritising and remediating vulnerabilities are paramount in the dynamic cybersecurity field, and one of the most widely used vulnerability scoring systems (CVSS) does not address the increasing likelihood of emerging an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Miguel Santana , Vinicius V. Cogo , Alan Oliveira de Sá

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is essential for effective system defense. CTI is a collection of information about current or past threats to a computer system. This information is gathered by an agent through observation, or based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Laurent Bobelin , Sabine Frittella , Mariam Wehbe

Current frameworks for evaluating security bug severity, such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), prioritize the ratio of exploitability to impact. This paper suggests that the above approach measures the "known knowns" but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shue Long Chan

This chapter is dedicated to the assessment and performance estimation of machine learning (ML) algorithms, a topic that is equally important to the construction of these algorithms, in particular in the context of cyberphysical security…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-20 Waleed A. Yousef

In multiple domains such as malware detection, automated driving systems, or fraud detection, classification algorithms are susceptible to being attacked by malicious agents willing to perturb the value of instance covariates to pursue…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-10 Victor Gallego , Roi Naveiro , Alberto Redondo , David Rios Insua , Fabrizio Ruggeri

Digitization increases business opportunities and the risk of companies being victims of devastating cyberattacks. Therefore, managing risk exposure and cybersecurity strategies is essential for digitized companies that want to survive in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Muriel Figueredo Franco , Fabian Künzler , Jan von der Assen , Chao Feng , Burkhard Stiller

In learning problems, the noise inherent to the task at hand hinders the possibility to infer without a certain degree of uncertainty. Quantifying this uncertainty, regardless of its wide use, assumes high relevance for security-sensitive…

While the existence of many security elements can be measured (e.g., vulnerabilities, security controls, or privacy controls), it is challenging to measure their relative security impact. In the physical world we can often measure the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Peter Mell

This paper provides the first large-scale data-driven analysis to evaluate the predictive power of different attributes for assessing risk of cyberattack data breaches. Furthermore, motivated by rapid increase in third party enabled…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-14 Kevin Hu , Retsef Levi , Raphael Yahalom , El Ghali Zerhouni

Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukáš Sadlek , Pavel Čeleda , Daniel Tovarňák

This paper presents a comparative survey of cyberthreat and attack trends starting from 2010 till date Cyber security breaches are constantly on the rise with huge uncertainty and risks The trend is causing rife globally because of its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Uwazie Emmanuel Chinanu , Oluyemi Amujo

Risk management often plays an important role in decision making under uncertainty. In quantitative risk management, assessing and optimizing risk metrics requires efficient computing techniques and reliable theoretical guarantees. In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Zhaolin Hu

Metrics and frameworks to quantifiably assess security measures have arisen from needs of three distinct research communities - statistical measures from the intrusion detection and prevention literature, evaluation of cyber exercises,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Michael D. Iannacone , Robert A. Bridges