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Machine learning can impact people with legal or ethical consequences when it is used to automate decisions in areas such as insurance, lending, hiring, and predictive policing. In many of these scenarios, previous decisions have been made…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-09 Matt J. Kusner , Joshua R. Loftus , Chris Russell , Ricardo Silva

As machine learning models are increasingly used in educational settings, from detecting at-risk students to predicting student performance, algorithmic bias and its potential impacts on students raise critical concerns about algorithmic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Woojin Kim , Hyeoncheol Kim

Fairness-aware machine learning has attracted a surge of attention in many domains, such as online advertising, personalized recommendation, and social media analysis in web applications. Fairness-aware machine learning aims to eliminate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jing Ma , Ruocheng Guo , Aidong Zhang , Jundong Li

Concerns regarding fairness and bias have been raised in recent years due to the growing use of machine learning models in crucial decision-making processes, especially when it comes to delicate characteristics like gender. In order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Saish Shinde

Causal approaches to fairness have seen substantial recent interest, both from the machine learning community and from wider parties interested in ethical prediction algorithms. In no small part, this has been due to the fact that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-17 Niki Kilbertus , Philip J. Ball , Matt J. Kusner , Adrian Weller , Ricardo Silva

Algorithmic risk assessments are increasingly used to help humans make decisions in high-stakes settings, such as medicine, criminal justice and education. In each of these cases, the purpose of the risk assessment tool is to inform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-13 Amanda Coston , Alan Mishler , Edward H. Kennedy , Alexandra Chouldechova

In high-stake domains such as healthcare and hiring, the role of machine learning (ML) in decision-making raises significant fairness concerns. This work focuses on Counterfactual Fairness (CF), which posits that an ML model's outcome on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zeyu Zhou , Tianci Liu , Ruqi Bai , Jing Gao , Murat Kocaoglu , David I. Inouye

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

The use of counterfactuals for considerations of algorithmic fairness and explainability is gaining prominence within the machine learning community and industry. This paper argues for more caution with the use of counterfactuals when the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Andrew Smart

Counterfactual fairness is an approach to AI fairness that tries to make decisions based on the outcomes that an individual with some kind of sensitive status would have had without this status. This paper proposes Double Machine Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Patrick Rehill

Machine learning actively impacts our everyday life in almost all endeavors and domains such as healthcare, finance, and energy. As our dependence on the machine learning increases, it is inevitable that these algorithms will be used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

Fairness in machine learning is of considerable interest in recent years owing to the propensity of algorithms trained on historical data to amplify and perpetuate historical biases. In this paper, we argue for a formal reconstruction of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Vaishak Belle

Unfair predictions of machine learning (ML) models impede their broad acceptance in real-world settings. Tackling this arduous challenge first necessitates defining what it means for an ML model to be fair. This has been addressed by the ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Selim Kuzucu , Jiaee Cheong , Hatice Gunes , Sinan Kalkan

The increasing use of Machine Learning (ML) software can lead to unfair and unethical decisions, thus fairness bugs in software are becoming a growing concern. Addressing these fairness bugs often involves sacrificing ML performance, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zichong Wang , Yang Zhou , David Lo , Wenbin Zhang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are now being utilized in all facets of our lives such as healthcare, education and employment. Since they are used in numerous sensitive environments and make decisions that can be life altering,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal

Machine learning has seen an increase in negative publicity in recent years, due to biased, unfair, and uninterpretable models. There is a rising interest in making machine learning models more fair for unprivileged communities, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yochem van Rosmalen , Florian van der Steen , Sebastiaan Jans , Daan van der Weijden

Machine learning algorithms in socially sensitive domains (e.g., credit decisions) often focus on equalizing predictive outcomes. However, satisfying these metrics does not guarantee that models use the same reasoning for different groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

Many machine learning systems make extensive use of large amounts of data regarding human behaviors. Several researchers have found various discriminatory practices related to the use of human-related machine learning systems, for example…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Elena Beretta , Antonio Santangelo , Bruno Lepri , Antonio Vetrò , Juan Carlos De Martin

In recent years, fairness has become an important topic in the machine learning research community. In particular, counterfactual fairness aims at building prediction models which ensure fairness at the most individual level. Rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Vincent Grari , Sylvain Lamprier , Marcin Detyniecki

Machine learning has become more important in real-life decision-making but people are concerned about the ethical problems it may bring when used improperly. Recent work brings the discussion of machine learning fairness into the causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Haoyu Chen , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song , Pulak Ghosh
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