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Existing studies have shown that Message-Passing Graph Neural Networks (MPNNs) are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks. In contrast, despite the increasing importance of Graph Transformers (GTs), their robustness properties are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Philipp Foth , Lukas Gosch , Simon Geisler , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

The vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial examples has been confirmed. Existing adversarial defenses primarily aim at preventing adversarial examples from attacking DNNs successfully, rather than preventing their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Jinwei Wang , Hao Wu , Haihua Wang , Jiawei Zhang , Xiangyang Luo , Bin Ma

Real-world graph applications, such as advertisements and product recommendations make profits based on accurately classify the label of the nodes. However, in such scenarios, there are high incentives for the adversaries to attack such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Yiwei Sun , Suhang Wang , Xianfeng Tang , Tsung-Yu Hsieh , Vasant Honavar

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the dominant approach for machine learning on graph-structured data. However, concerns have arisen regarding the vulnerability of GNNs to small adversarial perturbations. Existing defense methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Sofiane Ennadir , Yassine Abbahaddou , Johannes F. Lutzeyer , Michalis Vazirgiannis , Henrik Boström

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a cornerstone in graph-based data analysis, with applications in diverse domains such as bioinformatics, social networks, and recommendation systems. However, the interplay between model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Kirill Lukyanov , Georgii Sazonov , Serafim Boyarsky , Ilya Makarov

Defending Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) against adversarial attacks requires balancing accuracy and robustness, a trade-off often mishandled by traditional methods like adversarial training that intertwine these conflicting objectives within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Woohyun Lee , Hogun Park

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are powerful tools for graph-structured data. However, they have been recently shown to be vulnerable to topological attacks. To enhance adversarial robustness, we go beyond spectral graph theory to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Ming Jin , Heng Chang , Wenwu Zhu , Somayeh Sojoudi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks, which will generate a poisoned graph as the input to the GNN models. We present FocusedCleaner as a poisoned graph sanitizer to effectively identify the poison injected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yulin Zhu , Liang Tong , Gaolei Li , Xiapu Luo , Kai Zhou

Recent studies show that Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) are vulnerable and easily fooled by small perturbations, which has raised considerable concerns for adapting GNNs in various safety-critical applications. In this work, we focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Zhihao Zhu , Chenwang Wu , Min Zhou , Hao Liao , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Graph embedding is an effective method to represent graph data in a low dimensional space for graph analytics. Most existing embedding algorithms typically focus on preserving the topological structure or minimizing the reconstruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Shirui Pan , Ruiqi Hu , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Lina Yao , Chengqi Zhang

Social platforms such as Twitter are under siege from a multitude of fraudulent users. In response, social bot detection tasks have been developed to identify such fake users. Due to the structure of social networks, the majority of methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Lanjun Wang , Xinran Qiao , Yanwei Xie , Weizhi Nie , Yongdong Zhang , Anan Liu

Adversarial attacks can affect the performance of existing deep learning models. With the increased interest in graph based machine learning techniques, there have been investigations which suggest that these models are also vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Florence Regol , Soumyasundar Pal , Mark Coates

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have boosted the performance of many graph related tasks such as node classification and graph classification. Recent researches show that graph neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Yao Ma , Suhang Wang , Tyler Derr , Lingfei Wu , Jiliang Tang

Deep Graph Learning (DGL) has emerged as a crucial technique across various domains. However, recent studies have exposed vulnerabilities in DGL models, such as susceptibility to evasion and poisoning attacks. While empirical and provable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Yuni Lai , Yulin Zhu , Bailin Pan , Kai Zhou

Humans rely heavily on shape information to recognize objects. Conversely, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are biased more towards texture. This is perhaps the main reason why CNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Here, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Ali Borji

Network immunization is an automated task in the field of network analysis that involves protecting a network (modeled as a graph) from being infected by an undesired arbitrary diffusion. In this article, we consider the spread of harmful…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Elena-Simona Apostol , Özgur Coban , Ciprian-Octavian Truică

The graph contrastive learning (GCL) framework has gained remarkable achievements in graph representation learning. However, similar to graph neural networks (GNNs), GCL models are susceptible to graph structural attacks. As an unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yulin Zhu , Xing Ai , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Kai Zhou

With the success of the graph embedding model in both academic and industry areas, the robustness of graph embedding against adversarial attack inevitably becomes a crucial problem in graph learning. Existing works usually perform the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Heng Chang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Wenbing Huang , Honglei Zhang , Peng Cui , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu , Junzhou Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are gaining popularity across various domains due to their effectiveness in learning graph-structured data. Nevertheless, they have been shown to be susceptible to backdoor poisoning attacks, which pose serious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Yuxuan Zhu , Michael Mandulak , Kerui Wu , George Slota , Yuseok Jeon , Ka-Ho Chow , Lei Yu

Perturbations targeting the graph structure have proven to be extremely effective in reducing the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and traditional defenses such as adversarial training do not seem to be able to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Simon Geisler , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann