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Mesh generation is essential for accurate and efficient computational fluid dynamics simulations. To resolve critical features in the flow, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is routinely employed in certain regions of the computational domain,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-02 Yongzheng Zhu , Shiji Zhao , Yuanye Zhou , Hong Liang , Xin Bian

In recent years, the researches about solving partial differential equations (PDEs) based on artificial neural network have attracted considerable attention. In these researches, the neural network models are usually designed depend on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Bo Zhang , Chao Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) effectively embed physical principles into machine learning, but often struggle with complex or alternating geometries. We propose a novel method for integrating geometric transformations within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Samuel Burbulla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a deep learning framework for numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and have been widely used in a variety of PDE problems. However, there still remain some challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Wensheng Li , Chao Zhang , Chuncheng Wang , Hanting Guan , Dacheng Tao

As a typical application of deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) {has been} successfully used to find numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), but how to improve the limited accuracy is still a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Zhi-Yong Zhang , Hui Zhang , Li-Sheng Zhang , Lei-Lei Guo

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [31] use automatic differentiation to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by penalizing the PDE in the loss function at a random set of points in the domain of interest. Here, we develop a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 E. Kharazmi , Z. Zhang , G. E. Karniadakis

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

We propose an adaptive sampling method for the training of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) which allows for sampling based on an arbitrary problem-specific heuristic which may depend on the network and its gradients. In particular…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Kevin Buck , Woojeong Kim

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have enabled significant improvements in modelling physical processes described by partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs are based on simple architectures, and learn the behavior of complex…

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a powerful emerging method for studying forward-inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs), even from limited sample data. Variable coefficient PDEs, which model real-world phenomena,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Hui-Juan Zhou , Yong Chen

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical constraints into the loss function. However, standard optimizers such as Adam often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Vismay Churiwala , Hardik Shukla , Manurag Khullar

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as an effective technique for solving PDEs in a wide range of domains. It is noticed, however, the performance of PINNs can vary dramatically with different sampling procedures. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Zhiwei Gao , Liang Yan , Tao Zhou

In the recent years, Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have received strong interest as a method to solve PDE driven systems, in particular for data assimilation purpose. This method is still in its infancy, with many shortcomings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Nilo Schwencke , Cyril Furtlehner

Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

In recent years, with the advancements in machine learning and neural networks, algorithms using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve PDEs have gained widespread applications. While these algorithms are well-suited for a wide…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Rongxin Lu , Jiwei Jia , Young Ju Lee , Zheng Lu , Chen-Song Zhang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) were recently proposed in [1] as an alternative way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). A neural network (NN) represents the solution while a PDE-induced NN is coupled to the solution NN,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Xiaoli Chen , Jinqiao Duan , George Em Karniadakis

There has been rapid progress recently on the application of deep networks to the solution of partial differential equations, collectively labelled as Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). In this paper, we develop Physics Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) incorporate physical knowledge from the problem domain as a soft constraint on the loss function, but recent work has shown that this can lead to optimization difficulties. Here, we study the impact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Shashank Subramanian , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney , Amir Gholami