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Hate speech has grown significantly on social media, causing serious consequences for victims of all demographics. Despite much attention being paid to characterize and detect discriminatory speech, most work has focused on explicit or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Mai ElSherief , Caleb Ziems , David Muchlinski , Vaishnavi Anupindi , Jordyn Seybolt , Munmun De Choudhury , Diyi Yang

Linguistic ambiguity is and has always been one of the main challenges in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. Modern Transformer architectures like BERT, T5 or more recently InstructGPT have achieved some impressive improvements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Miguel Ortega-Martín , Óscar García-Sierra , Alfonso Ardoiz , Jorge Álvarez , Juan Carlos Armenteros , Adrián Alonso

The widespread presence of hateful languages on social media has resulted in adverse effects on societal well-being. As a result, addressing this issue with high priority has become very important. Hate speech or offensive languages exist…

The fairness and trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. Implicit hate speech, which employs indirect language to convey hateful intentions, occupies a significant portion of practice. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Min Zhang , Jianfeng He , Taoran Ji , Chang-Tien Lu

The introduction of ChatGPT has garnered widespread attention in both academic and industrial communities. ChatGPT is able to respond effectively to a wide range of human questions, providing fluent and comprehensive answers that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Biyang Guo , Xin Zhang , Ziyuan Wang , Minqi Jiang , Jinran Nie , Yuxuan Ding , Jianwei Yue , Yupeng Wu

Harmful content is pervasive on social media, poisoning online communities and negatively impacting participation. A common approach to address this issue is to develop detection models that rely on human annotations. However, the tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Lingyao Li , Lizhou Fan , Shubham Atreja , Libby Hemphill

Generative language models, such as ChatGPT, have garnered attention for their ability to generate human-like writing in various fields, including academic research. The rapid proliferation of generated texts has bolstered the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Vikas Kumar , Amisha Bharti , Devanshu Verma , Vasudha Bhatnagar

Generative artificial intelligence tools, like ChatGPT, are an increasingly utilized resource among computational social scientists. Nevertheless, there remains space for improved understanding of the performance of ChatGPT in complex tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Breanna E. Green , Ashley L. Shea , Pengfei Zhao , Drew B. Margolin

The advent of social media has given rise to numerous ethical challenges, with hate speech among the most significant concerns. Researchers are attempting to tackle this problem by leveraging hate-speech detection and employing language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Pranath Reddy Kumbam , Sohaib Uddin Syed , Prashanth Thamminedi , Suhas Harish , Ian Perera , Bonnie J. Dorr

This study examines the rhetorical and linguistic features of argumentative texts generated by ChatGPT on ethically nuanced topics and investigates their persuasive impact on human readers.Through a user study involving 62 participants and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Daniel Raffini , Agnese Macori , Lorenzo Porcaro , Tiziana Catarci , Marco Angelini

Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu

ChatGPT is a publicly available chatbot that can quickly generate texts on given topics, but it is unknown whether the chatbot is really superior to human writers in all aspects of writing and whether its writing quality can be prominently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Tongquan Zhou , Siyi Cao , Siruo Zhou , Yao Zhang , Aijing He

Online platforms struggle to curb hate speech without over-censoring legitimate discourse. Early bidirectional transformer encoders made big strides, but the arrival of ultra-large autoregressive LLMs promises deeper context-awareness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ariadna Mon , Saúl Fenollosa , Jon Lecumberri

Hate speech is increasingly prevalent online, and its negative outcomes include increased prejudice, extremism, and even offline hate crime. Automatic detection of online hate speech can help us to better understand these impacts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 John D Gallacher

As a natural language assistant, ChatGPT is capable of performing various tasks, including but not limited to article generation, code completion, and data analysis. Furthermore, ChatGPT has consistently demonstrated a remarkable level of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yunjie Ji , Yan Gong , Yiping Peng , Chao Ni , Peiyan Sun , Dongyu Pan , Baochang Ma , Xiangang Li

ChatGPT took the world by storm for its impressive abilities. Due to its release without documentation, scientists immediately attempted to identify its limits, mainly through its performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Martino Pelucchi , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

Online hate detection suffers from biases incurred in data sampling, annotation, and model pre-training. Therefore, measuring the averaged performance over all examples in held-out test data is inadequate. Instead, we must identify specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Alexander Shvets

Optimization of offensive content moderation models for different types of hateful messages is typically achieved through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on new hate speech benchmarks. However, existing benchmarks mainly address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Irina Proskurina , Marc-Antoine Carpentier , Julien Velcin