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As Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, understanding them systematically is key to improving their safety and realizing their full potential. Although many models are aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Various studies among side-channel attacks have tried to extract information through leakages from electronic devices to reach the instruction flow of some appliances. However, previous methods highly depend on the resolution of traced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Pouya Narimani , Seyed Amin Habibi , Mohammad Ali Akhaee

There has been recently a growing interest in studying adversarial examples on natural language models in the black-box setting. These methods attack natural language classifiers by perturbing certain important words until the classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Mahmoud Hossam , Trung Le , He Zhao , Viet Huynh , Dinh Phung

This paper presents Extract-0, a 7-billion parameter language model specifically optimized for document information extraction that achieves performance exceeding models with parameter counts several orders of magnitude larger. Through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Henrique Godoy

Recent research has shown that carefully crafted jailbreak inputs can induce large language models to produce harmful outputs, despite safety measures such as alignment. It is important to anticipate the range of potential Jailbreak attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Pedram Zaree , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Quazi Mishkatul Alam , Yue Dong , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant concerns about their security against adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose a novel approach to crafting universal jailbreaks and data extraction attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Kayua Oleques Paim , Rodrigo Brandao Mansilha , Diego Kreutz , Muriel Figueredo Franco , Weverton Cordeiro

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language processing but are prone to memorizing portions of their training data, which can compromise evaluation metrics, raise privacy concerns, and limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Eduardo Slonski

Knowledge distillation (KD) is essential for training non-autoregressive translation (NAT) models by reducing the complexity of the raw data with an autoregressive teacher model. In this study, we empirically show that as a side effect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Dacheng Tao , Zhaopeng Tu

In recent years, text generation tools utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) have occasionally been misused across various domains, such as generating student reports or creative writings. This issue prompts plagiarism detection services…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Relation extraction (RE) aims to extract relations from sentences and documents. Existing relation extraction models typically rely on supervised machine learning. However, recent studies showed that many RE datasets are incompletely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Qingyu Tan , Lu Xu , Lidong Bing , Hwee Tou Ng

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable fluency across various tasks. However, their unethical applications, such as disseminating disinformation, have become a growing concern. Although recent works have proposed a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 James Wang , Ran Li , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a designed trigger is injected into the dataset, causing erroneous predictions when activated. In this paper, we propose a novel defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenjie Huo , Katinka Wolter

Text data augmentation is an effective strategy for overcoming the challenge of limited sample sizes in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This challenge is especially prominent in the few-shot learning scenario, where the data…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-quality tabular synthetic data. In practice, two primary approaches have emerged for adapting LLMs to tabular data generation: (i) fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joshua Ward , Bochao Gu , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Generating high-quality textual adversarial examples is critical for investigating the pitfalls of natural language processing (NLP) models and further promoting their robustness. Existing attacks are usually realized through word-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Dianqi Li , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful foundation for natural language tasks in large-scale customer-facing applications. However, studies that explore their vulnerabilities emerging from malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Fábio Perez , Ian Ribeiro

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a range of NLP tasks. However, their strong instruction-following capabilities and inability to distinguish instructions from data content make them vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

Model extraction increasingly attracts research attentions as keeping commercial AI models private can retain a competitive advantage. In some scenarios, AI models are trained proprietarily, where neither pre-trained models nor sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Xinyi Zhang , Chengfang Fang , Jie Shi