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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

We investigate model based classification with partially labelled training data. In many biostatistical applications, labels are manually assigned by experts, who may leave some observations unlabelled due to class uncertainty. We analyse…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-08 Daniel Ahfock , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-12 N. V. Chawla , Grigoris Karakoulas

Semi-supervised learning methods are motivated by the availability of large datasets with unlabeled features in addition to labeled data. Unlabeled data is, however, not guaranteed to improve classification performance and has in fact been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Xiuming Liu , Dave Zachariah , Johan Wågberg , Thomas B. Schön

Semi-supervised learning is a setting in which one has labeled and unlabeled data available. In this survey we explore different types of theoretical results when one uses unlabeled data in classification and regression tasks. Most methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Alexander Mey , Marco Loog

In this paper, we study statistical properties of semi-supervised learning, which is considered as an important problem in the community of machine learning. In the standard supervised learning, only the labeled data is observed. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-19 Masanori Kawakita , Takafumi Kanamori

Unlabelled data appear in many domains and are particularly relevant to streaming applications, where even though data is abundant, labelled data is rare. To address the learning problems associated with such data, one can ignore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Heitor Murilo Gomes , Maciej Grzenda , Rodrigo Mello , Jesse Read , Minh Huong Le Nguyen , Albert Bifet

Semisupervised learning is a learning standard which deals with the study of how computers and natural systems such as human beings acquire knowledge in the presence of both labeled and unlabeled data. Semisupervised learning based methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-20 V. Jothi Prakash , Dr. L. M. Nithya

To address semi-supervised learning from both labeled and unlabeled data, we present a novel meta-learning scheme. We particularly consider that labeled and unlabeled data share disjoint ground truth label sets, which can be seen tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yun-Chun Chen , Chao-Te Chou , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Audio classification has seen great progress with the increasing availability of large-scale datasets. These large datasets, however, are often only partially labeled as collecting full annotations is a tedious and expensive process. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Siddharth Gururani , Alexander Lerch

In semi-supervised representation learning frameworks, when the number of labelled data is very scarce, the quality and representativeness of these samples become increasingly important. Existing literature on semi-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shuvendu Roy , Ali Etemad

Semi-supervised learning algorithms attempt to take advantage of relatively inexpensive unlabeled data to improve learning performance. In this work, we consider statistical models where the data distributions can be characterized by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jingge Zhu

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a framework that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to enhance model performance. Conventional SSL methods operate under the assumption that labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Noam Fluss , Guy Hacohen , Daphna Weinshall

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Real-world data often exhibits long-tailed distributions with heavy class imbalance, posing great challenges for deep recognition models. We identify a persisting dilemma on the value of labels in the context of imbalanced learning: on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Yuzhe Yang , Zhi Xu

Improving a semi-supervised image segmentation task has the option of adding more unlabelled images, labelling the unlabelled images or combining both, as neither image acquisition nor expert labelling can be considered trivial in most…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-23 Yunguan Fu , Maria R. Robu , Bongjin Koo , Crispin Schneider , Stijn van Laarhoven , Danail Stoyanov , Brian Davidson , Matthew J. Clarkson , Yipeng Hu

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of not classified data, to perform classification, in situations when, typically, the labelled data are few. Even though this is not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers from datasets in which only a subset of observations is labelled, a situation that naturally arises because obtaining labels often requires expert judgement or costly manual effort. This…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-09 Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Jinran Wu

The amount of manually labeled data is limited in medical applications, so semi-supervised learning and automatic labeling strategies can be an asset for training deep neural networks. However, the quality of the automatically generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Wenhui Cui , Haleh Akrami , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy
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