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We present a novel neural network Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic by identifying a new connection between neural tangent kernel (NTK) and MMD. This connection enables us to develop a computationally efficient and memory-efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-19 Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Kernel embeddings of distributions and the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), the resulting distance between distributions, are useful tools for fully nonparametric two-sample testing and learning on distributions. However, it is rarely that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Ho Chung Leon Law , Christopher Yau , Dino Sejdinovic

In many contemporary statistical and machine learning methods, one needs to optimize an objective function that depends on the discrepancy between two probability distributions. The discrepancy can be referred to as a metric for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijin Ni , Xiaoming Huo

Kernel discrepancies are a powerful tool for analyzing worst-case errors in quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Building on recent advances in optimizing such discrepancy measures, we extend the subset selection problem to the setting of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-05 Deyao Chen , François Clément , Carola Doerr , Nathan Kirk

Two-sample tests have been extensively employed in various scientific fields and machine learning such as evaluation on the effectiveness of drugs and A/B testing on different marketing strategies to discriminate whether two sets of samples…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Yu Terada , Yugo Ogio , Ken Arai , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Yu Tanaka

The two-sample hypothesis testing problem is studied for the challenging scenario of high dimensional data sets with small sample sizes. We show that the two-sample hypothesis testing problem can be posed as a one-class set classification…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Hamed Masnadi-Shirazi

We characterize the asymptotic performance of nonparametric goodness of fit testing. The exponential decay rate of the type-II error probability is used as the asymptotic performance metric, and a test is optimal if it achieves the maximum…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-19 Shengyu Zhu , Biao Chen , Pengfei Yang , Zhitang Chen

Two-sample and independence tests with the kernel-based MMD and HSIC have shown remarkable results on i.i.d. data and stationary random processes. However, these statistics are not directly applicable to non-stationary random processes, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-05 Felix Laumann , Julius von Kügelgen , Mauricio Barahona

In the statistical literature, as well as in artificial intelligence and machine learning, measures of discrepancy between two probability distributions are largely used to develop measures of goodness-of-fit. We concentrate on quadratic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-01 Marianthi Markatou , Giovanni Saraceno

Nonparametric two sample testing is a decision theoretic problem that involves identifying differences between two random variables without making parametric assumptions about their underlying distributions. We refer to the most common…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Aaditya Ramdas , Sashank J. Reddi , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh , Larry Wasserman

In kernel methods, the median heuristic has been widely used as a way of setting the bandwidth of RBF kernels. While its empirical performances make it a safe choice under many circumstances, there is little theoretical understanding of why…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-31 Damien Garreau , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Motonobu Kanagawa

In many real-world applications, it is common that a proportion of the data may be missing or only partially observed. We develop a novel two-sample testing method based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) which accounts for missing data…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-27 Yijin Zeng , Niall M. Adams , Dean A. Bodenham

Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a widely used concept in machine learning research which has gained popularity in recent years as a highly effective tool for comparing (finite-dimensional) distributions. Since it is designed as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Andrew Alden , Blanka Horvath , Zacharia Issa

We consider the two-group classification problem and propose a kernel classifier based on the optimal scoring framework. Unlike previous approaches, we provide theoretical guarantees on the expected risk consistency of the method. We also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-01 Alexander F. Lapanowski , Irina Gaynanova

Comparing conditional distributions is a fundamental challenge in statistics and machine learning, with applications across a wide range of domains. While proposed methods for measuring discrepancies using kernel embeddings of distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Peter Moskvichev , Siu Lun Chau , Dino Sejdinovic

In this paper, we propose a test for the equality of multiple distributions based on kernel mean embeddings. Our framework provides a flexible way to handle multivariate or even high-dimensional data by virtue of kernel methods and allows…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Ilmun Kim

We propose a method to optimize the representation and distinguishability of samples from two probability distributions, by maximizing the estimated power of a statistical test based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). This optimized MMD…

Given $M \geq 2$ distributions defined on a general measurable space, we introduce a nonparametric (kernel) measure of multi-sample dissimilarity (KMD) -- a parameter that quantifies the difference between the $M$ distributions. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Zhen Huang , Bodhisattva Sen

Evaluating whether data streams are drawn from the same distribution is at the heart of various machine learning problems. This is particularly relevant for data generated by dynamical systems since such systems are essential for many…

In order to fully utilize "big data", it is often required to use "big models". Such models tend to grow with the complexity and size of the training data, and do not make strong parametric assumptions upfront on the nature of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-17 Vikas Sindhwani , Haim Avron