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Performing large calculations with a quantum computer will likely require a fault-tolerant architecture based on quantum error-correcting codes. The challenge is to design practical quantum error-correcting codes that perform well against…

Noise in quantum computing is countered with quantum error correction. Achieving optimal performance will require tailoring codes and decoding algorithms to account for features of realistic noise, such as the common situation where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 David K. Tuckett , Stephen D. Bartlett , Steven T. Flammia , Benjamin J. Brown

In this paper, I show how an intentional hook error mechanism can be used as a control knob for injecting magic states into surface codes. The limitation, and benefit, of this approach is that it can only inject states in the XY or YZ plane…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-27 Craig Gidney

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are one of the most promising building blocks for large scale quantum computers thanks to their high qubit density and compatibility with the existing semiconductor technologies. High fidelity…

The Toffoli gate is a fundamental building block for quantum arithmetic and reversible logic, yet its efficient realization remains a major challenge in both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum architectures. Recent advances in dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Abhoy Kole , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

Quantum weight reduction procedures ease the implementation of quantum codes by sparsifying them, resulting in low-weight checks and low-degree qubits. However, to date, only few quantum weight reduction methods have been explored. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrew C. Yuan , Nouédyn Baspin , Dominic J. Williamson

Transversal logical gates offer the opportunity for fast and low-noise logic, particularly when interspersed by a single round of parity check measurements of the underlying code. Using such circuits for the surface code requires decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Marc Serra-Peralta , Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal

We propose a scheme for a ground-code measurement-based quantum computer, which enjoys two major advantages. First, every logical qubit is encoded in the gapped degenerate ground subspace of a spin-1 chain with nearest-neighbor two-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-10 Gavin K. Brennen , Akimasa Miyake

The typical time-independent view of quantum error correction (QEC) codes hides significant freedom in the decomposition into circuits that are executable on hardware. Using the concept of detecting regions, we design time-dynamic QEC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Matt McEwen , Dave Bacon , Craig Gidney

PhD thesis investigating homological quantum codes derived from curved and higher dimensional geometries. In the first part we will consider closed surfaces with constant negative curvature. We show how such surfaces can be constructed and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-06 Nikolas P. Breuckmann

When calculating the overhead of a quantum algorithm made fault-tolerant using the surface code, many previous works have used defects and braids for logical qubit storage and state distillation. In this work, we show that lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Austin G. Fowler , Craig Gidney

Of the many potential hardware platforms, superconducting quantum circuits have become the leading contender for constructing a scalable quantum computing system. All current architecture designs necessitate a 2D arrangement of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 H. Mukai , K. Sakata , S. J. Devitt , R. Wang , Y. Zhou , Y. Nakajima , J. S. Tsai

An algorithm is presented for error correction in the surface code quantum memory. This is shown to correct depolarizing noise up to a threshold error rate of 18.5%, exceeding previous results and coming close to the upper bound of 18.9%.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 James R. Wootton , Daniel Loss

The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

We explore the feasibility of implementing a small surface code with 9 data qubits and 8 ancilla qubits, commonly referred to as surface-17, using a linear chain of 171Yb+ ions. Two-qubit gates can be performed between any two ions in the…

In relative entropy coding, a sender aims to design a stochastic code such that, on input $X \sim P_X$, the receiver can generate a sample $Y \sim P_{Y \mid X}$. It is a standard result that (1) this requires at least $I(X; Y)$ bits, (2)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Spencer Hill , Fady Alajaji , Tamás Linder , Gergely Flamich

Quantum codes excel at correcting local noise but fail to correct leakage faults that excite qubits to states outside the computational space. Aliferis and Terhal have shown that an accuracy threshold exists for leakage faults using gadgets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-29 Martin Suchara , Andrew W. Cross , Jay M. Gambetta

We consider stabilizer measurements for surface codes with neutral atoms and identify gate protocols that minimize logical error rates in the presence of a fundamental error source -- spontaneous emission from Rydberg states. We demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Sven Jandura , Laura Pecorari , Guido Pupillo

We use the recently introduced lifted product to construct a family of Quantum Low Density Parity Check Codes (QLDPC codes). The codes we obtain can be viewed as stacks of surface codes that are interconnected, leading to the name…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

In near-term quantum computing devices, connectivity between qubits remain limited by architectural constraints. A computational circuit with given connectivity requirements necessary for multi-qubit gates have to be embedded within…