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The x-ray vortex optical beam, distinguished by its topological charge and orbital angular momentum, offers new insights in probing complex electronic structures, enhancing material characterization, and advancing high-resolution imaging…
X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) have been proven to generate short and powerful radiation pulses allowing for a wide class of novel experiments. If an XFEL facility supports the generation of two X-ray pulses with different wavelengths…
X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) deliver X-ray pulses with a coherent flux that is approximately eight orders of magnitude greater than that available from a modern third generation synchrotron source. The power density in an XFEL pulse…
We show that a short relativistic electron beam propagating in a plasma with a density gradient perpendicular to the direction of motion generates a wakefield in which a witness bunch experiences a transverse force. A density gradient…
The lack of available table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with high enough fluxes and coherence properties have limited the availability of nonlinear XUV and x-ray spectroscopies to free electron lasers (FEL). Here, we demonstrate…
Harmonic lasing provides an opportunity to extend the photon energy range of existing and planned X-ray FEL user facilities. Contrary to nonlinear harmonic generation, harmonic lasing can generate a much more intense, stable, and…
X-ray free electron lasers will be constructed in this decade, both at SLAC in the form of the so-called Linac Coherent Light Source as well as at DESY, where the so-called TESLA XFEL laboratory uses techniques developed for the design of…
This paper discusses the potential for enhancing the capabilities of the European FEL in the soft X-ray regime. A high longitudinal coherence will be the key to such performance upgrade. In order to reach this goal we study a very compact…
Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of superconducting undulators (SCUs) intended for particle accelerator-based light sources, including synchrotrons and free electron laser (FEL) facilities. Recently, a…
Recently, the PVLAS collaboration has reported evidence for an anomalously large rotation of the polarization of light generated in vacuum in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. This may be explained through the production of a new…
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) will deliver 27000 fully coherent, high brilliance X-ray pulses per second each with a duration below 100 fs. This will allow the recording of diffraction patterns of single molecules and the…
Various seeding configurations have being proposed for frequency up-conversion of the electron beam density distribution, in which the energy spread, may however hinder the harmonic generation efficiency. In this Letter, a method for…
Currently planned second-generation gravitational-wave laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO exploit the extensively investigated signal-recycling (SR) technique. Candidate Advanced LIGO configurations are usually designed to have two…
The presence of microbunching instabilities due to the compression of high-brightness electron beams at existing and future X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) results in restrictions on the attainable lasing performance and renders beam…
The recently implemented APPLE-III device at FLASH2 is an undulator source providing tunable, femtosecond spontaneous X-rays in the range of 2 - 3.5 keV at the 3rd and 5th harmonics. This work demonstrates its applicability for EUV FEL…
In this paper, we present a new kind of high power and high efficiency free-electron laser oscillator based on the application of the tapering enhanced stimulated superradiant amplification (TESSA) scheme. The main characteristic of the…
Cascading stages of seeded free electron laser (FEL) is a promising way to produce fully coherent X-ray radiations. We study a new approach to produce coherent hard X-rays by cascading the recently proposed phase-merging enhanced harmonic…
X-ray diffraction from molecules in the ground state produces an image of their charge density, and time-resolved X-ray diffraction can thus monitor the motion of the nuclei. However, the density change of excited valence electrons upon…
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy using an X-ray free electron laser is demonstrated with spectra over the Fe L$_{3,2}$-edges. This new ultrafast time-resolved capability is then applied to a fluence-dependent study of…
Betatron radiation is produced in Laser Plasma Accelerators when the electrons are accelerated and simultaneously wiggle across the propagation axis. The mechanisms of electron acceleration and X-ray radiation production follow different…