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Automated evaluation of generative text-to-image models remains a challenging problem. Recent works have proposed using multimodal LLMs to judge the quality of images, but these works offer little insight into how multimodal LLMs make use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Rishab Parthasarathy , Jasmine Collins , Cory Stephenson

This paper presents an algorithm for enumerating biases in word embeddings. The algorithm exposes a large number of offensive associations related to sensitive features such as race and gender on publicly available embeddings, including a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Nathaniel Swinger , Maria De-Arteaga , Neil Thomas Heffernan , Mark DM Leiserson , Adam Tauman Kalai

Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about groups of people, which are used to make decisions and judgments about them. Although such heuristics can be useful when decisions must be made quickly, or when information is lacking, they can also…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-26 Alexander J. Stewart , Nichola Raihani

Text-to-Image (TTI) models generate images based on text prompts, which often leave certain aspects of the desired image ambiguous. When faced with these ambiguities, TTI models have been shown to exhibit biases in their interpretations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Noa Cohen , Nurit Spingarn-Eliezer , Inbar Huberman-Spiegelglas , Tomer Michaeli

Relations are basic building blocks of human cognition. Classic and recent work suggests that many relations are early developing, and quickly perceived. Machine models that aspire to human-level perception and reasoning should reflect the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Colin Conwell , Tomer Ullman

Generating images with a Text-to-Image model often requires multiple trials, where human users iteratively update their prompt based on feedback, namely the output image. Taking inspiration from cognitive work on reference games and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

With the advancement of generation models, AI-generated content (AIGC) is becoming more realistic, flooding the Internet. A recent study suggests that this phenomenon causes source bias in text retrieval for web search. Specifically, neural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shicheng Xu , Danyang Hou , Liang Pang , Jingcheng Deng , Jun Xu , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

We explore social perception of human faces in CLIP, a widely used open-source vision-language model. To this end, we compare the similarity in CLIP embeddings between different textual prompts and a set of face images. Our textual prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Carina I. Hausladen , Manuel Knott , Colin F. Camerer , Pietro Perona

Generating image variations, where a model produces variations of an input image while preserving the semantic context has gained increasing attention. Current image variation techniques involve adapting a text-to-image model to reconstruct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Manoj Kumar , Neil Houlsby , Emiel Hoogeboom

This review surveys the state-of-the-art in text-to-image and image-to-image generation within the scope of generative AI. We provide a comparative analysis of three prominent architectures: Variational Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zineb Sordo , Eric Chagnon , Daniela Ushizima

Recent advances in text-to-image generation models have unlocked vast potential for visual creativity. However, the users that use these models struggle with the generation of consistent characters, a crucial aspect for numerous real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Omri Avrahami , Amir Hertz , Yael Vinker , Moab Arar , Shlomi Fruchter , Ohad Fried , Daniel Cohen-Or , Dani Lischinski

Recently, concerns regarding potential biases in the underlying algorithms of many automated systems (including biometrics) have been raised. In this context, a biased algorithm produces statistically different outcomes for different groups…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 P. Drozdowski , B. Prommegger , G. Wimmer , R. Schraml , C. Rathgeb , A. Uhl , C. Busch

Recent advancements in diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have enabled the generation of high-quality and photorealistic images from text. However, they often exhibit societal biases related to gender, race, and socioeconomic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jeonghoon Park , Juyoung Lee , Chaeyeon Chung , Jaeseong Lee , Jaegul Choo , Jindong Gu

Current bias evaluations in Instruction Text-to-Speech (ITTS) often rely on univariate testing, overlooking the compositional structure of social cues. In this work, we investigate gender bias by modeling prompts as combinations of Social…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Kuan-Yu Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Po-Chung Hsieh , Huang-Cheng Chou , Chih-Fan Hsu , Jeng-Lin Li , Hung-yi Lee , Jian-Jiun Ding

This paper examines potential biases and inconsistencies in emotional evocation of images produced by generative artificial intelligence (AI) models and their potential bias toward negative emotions. In particular, we assess this bias by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Maneet Mehta , Cody Buntain

Text-to-image generative models have achieved unprecedented success in generating high-quality images based on natural language descriptions. However, it is shown that these models tend to favor specific social groups when prompted with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Hritik Bansal , Da Yin , Masoud Monajatipoor , Kai-Wei Chang

This paper investigates how popular text-to-image (T2I) models, DALL-E 3 and Gemini 3 Pro Preview, depict people from 206 nationalities when prompted to generate images of individuals engaging in common everyday activities. Five scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abdulkareem Alsudais

We present Imagen, a text-to-image diffusion model with an unprecedented degree of photorealism and a deep level of language understanding. Imagen builds on the power of large transformer language models in understanding text and hinges on…

The surge in the popularity of text-to-image generators (T2Is) has been matched by extensive research into ensuring fairness and equitable outcomes, with a focus on how they impact society. However, such work has typically focused on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Sourojit Ghosh

Currently, personalized image generation methods mostly require considerable time to finetune and often overfit the concept resulting in generated images that are similar to custom concepts but difficult to edit by prompts. We propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuxuan Zhang , Yiren Song , Jinpeng Yu , Han Pan , Zhongliang Jing