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This paper addresses the importance of Knowledge Structure (KS) and Knowledge Tracing (KT) in improving the recommendation of educational content in intelligent tutoring systems. The KS represents the relations between different Knowledge…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Louis Annabi , Sao Mai Nguyen

As the core of the Knowledge Tracking (KT) task, assessing students' dynamic mastery of knowledge concepts is crucial for both offline teaching and online educational applications. Since students' mastery of knowledge concepts is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Moyu Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Chunhong Zhang , Wenchen Qian , Feng Pan , Hui Zhao

For offering proactive services to students in intelligent education, one of the fundamental tasks is predicting their performance (e.g., scores) on future exercises, where it is necessary to track each student's knowledge acquisition…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong , Yu Su , Guoping Hu

Previous knowledge distillation methods have shown their impressive performance on model compression tasks, however, it is hard to explain how the knowledge they transferred helps to improve the performance of the student network. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Ziyao Guo , Haonan Yan , Hui Li , Xiaodong Lin

Knowledge Tracing (KT) has been an established problem in the educational data mining field for decades, and it is commonly assumed that the underlying learning process being modeled remains static. Given the ever-changing landscape of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Morgan Lee , Artem Frenk , Eamon Worden , Karish Gupta , Thinh Pham , Ethan Croteau , Neil Heffernan

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to trace students' knowledge states by predicting whether students answer correctly on exercises. Despite the excellent performance of existing Transformer-based KT approaches, they are criticized for the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Shangshang Yang , Xiaoshan Yu , Ye Tian , Xueming Yan , Haiping Ma , Xingyi Zhang

Knowledge tracing aims to track students' knowledge status over time to predict students' future performance accurately. Markov chain-based knowledge tracking (MCKT) models can track knowledge concept mastery probability over time. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang , Fan Li , Minghe Yu , Ge Yu

A prevailing trend in neural network research suggests that model performance improves with increasing depth and capacity - often at the cost of integrability and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a strategy to optimize small,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yanick Chistian Tchenko , Felix Mohr , Hicham Hadj Abdelkader , Hedi Tabia

The training of artificial neural networks is heavily dependent on the careful selection of an appropriate loss function. While commonly used loss functions, such as cross-entropy and mean squared error (MSE), generally suffice for a broad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Altun Shukurlu

The rise of online learning has led to the development of various knowledge tracing (KT) methods. However, existing methods have overlooked the problem of increasing computational cost when utilizing large graphs and long learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Donghee Han , Daehee Kim , Minjun Lee , Daeyoung Roh , Keejun Han , Mun Yong Yi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tutoring chatbots, showing promise in providing broad access to high-quality personalized education. Existing works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Ryan S. Baker , Andrew Lan

Designing accurate deep learning models for molecular property prediction plays an increasingly essential role in drug and material discovery. Recently, due to the scarcity of labeled molecules, self-supervised learning methods for learning…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-08 Han Li , Dan Zhao , Jianyang Zeng

Accurately assessing student knowledge is central to education. Cognitive Diagnosis (CD) models estimate student proficiency at a fixed point in time, while Knowledge Tracing (KT) methods model evolving knowledge states to predict future…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Antonin Berthon , Mihaela van der Schaar

Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years, especially for complex questions which require multiple facts to answer. Question decomposition is a promising way to answer complex questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Yiheng Shu , Yuheng Bao , Yuzhong Qu

Reasoning on knowledge graphs is a challenging task because it utilizes observed information to predict the missing one. Particularly, answering complex queries based on first-order logic is one of the crucial tasks to verify learning to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Hang Yin , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

This paper introduces ES-KT-24, a novel multimodal Knowledge Tracing (KT) dataset for intelligent tutoring systems in educational game contexts. Although KT is crucial in adaptive learning, existing datasets often lack game-based and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Dohee Kim , Unggi Lee , Sookbun Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Taekyung Ahn , Jaekwon Park , Gunho Lee , Hyeoncheol Kim

Knowledge distillation has proven effective for model compression by transferring knowledge from a larger network called the teacher to a smaller network called the student. Current knowledge distillation in time series is predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Nilushika Udayangani Hewa Dehigahawattage , Kishor Nandakishor , Marimuthu Palaniswami

In contrast to pedagogies like evidence-based teaching, personalized adaptive learning (PAL) distinguishes itself by closely monitoring the progress of individual students and tailoring the learning path to their unique knowledge and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ming Kuo , Shouvon Sarker , Lijun Qian , Yujian Fu , Xiangfang Li , Xishuang Dong

Complex Query Answering (CQA) is a challenge task of Knowledge Graph (KG). Due to the incompleteness of KGs, query embedding (QE) methods have been proposed to encode queries and entities into the same embedding space, and treat logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yao Xu , Shizhu He , Cunguang Wang , Li Cai , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao