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Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize a policy by using pre-collected datasets, to maximize cumulative rewards. However, offline reinforcement learning suffers challenges due to the distributional shift between the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yunkai Gao , Jiaming Guo , Fan Wu , Rui Zhang

Traditional off-policy actor-critic Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms learn value functions of a single target policy. However, when value functions are updated to track the learned policy, they forget potentially useful information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Francesco Faccio , Louis Kirsch , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Many reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly those that rely on return estimates for policy improvement, can suffer from poor sample efficiency and training instability due to high-variance return estimates. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander W. Goodall , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Recent advancements in offline reinforcement learning (RL) have underscored the capabilities of Conditional Sequence Modeling (CSM), a paradigm that learns the action distribution based on history trajectory and target returns for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shengchao Hu , Ziqing Fan , Chaoqin Huang , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Dacheng Tao

Inspired by the recent successes of Inverse Optimization (IO) across various application domains, we propose a novel offline Reinforcement Learning (ORL) algorithm for continuous state and action spaces, leveraging the convex loss function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ioannis Dimanidis , Tolga Ok , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

Offline Reinforcement Learning methods seek to learn a policy from logged transitions of an environment, without any interaction. In the presence of function approximation, and under the assumption of limited coverage of the state-action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Robert Dadashi , Shideh Rezaeifar , Nino Vieillard , Léonard Hussenot , Olivier Pietquin , Matthieu Geist

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging setting where existing off-policy actor-critic methods perform poorly due to the overestimation of out-of-distribution state-action pairs. Thus, various additional augmentations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Zifeng Zhuang , Kun Lei , Jinxin Liu , Donglin Wang , Yilang Guo

Scaling reinforcement learning (RL) to recommender systems (RS) is promising since maximizing the expected cumulative rewards for RL agents meets the objective of RS, i.e., improving customers' long-term satisfaction. A key approach to this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Chengqian Gao , Ke Xu , Kuangqi Zhou , Lanqing Li , Xueqian Wang , Bo Yuan , Peilin Zhao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents distinct challenges as it relies solely on observational data. A central concern in this context is ensuring the safety of the learned policy by quantifying uncertainties associated with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xiaocong Chen , Siyu Wang , Tong Yu , Lina Yao

When applying offline reinforcement learning (RL) in healthcare scenarios, the out-of-distribution (OOD) issues pose significant risks, as inappropriate generalization beyond clinical expertise can result in potentially harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Runze Yan , Xun Shen , Akifumi Wachi , Sebastien Gros , Anni Zhao , Xiao Hu

Learning from visual observation (LfVO), aiming at recovering policies from only visual observation data, is promising yet a challenging problem. Existing LfVO approaches either only adopt inefficient online learning schemes or require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Bohan Zhou , Ke Li , Jiechuan Jiang , Zongqing Lu

Offline-to-online (O2O) reinforcement learning (RL) pre-trains models on offline data and refines policies through online fine-tuning. However, existing O2O RL algorithms typically require maintaining the tedious offline datasets to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Liyu Zhang , Haochi Wu , Xu Wan , Quan Kong , Ruilong Deng , Mingyang Sun

Continuous control Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches are known to suffer from estimation biases, leading to suboptimal policies. This paper introduces innovative methods in RL, focusing on addressing and exploiting estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Niccolò Turcato , Alberto Sinigaglia , Alberto Dalla Libera , Ruggero Carli , Gian Antonio Susto

Offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies from a fixed dataset while maximizing performance under cumulative cost constraints. In practice, deployment requirements often vary across scenarios, necessitating a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Wensong Bai , Chao Zhang , Qihang Xu , Chufan Chen , Chenhao Zhou , Hui Qian

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows for the training of competent agents from offline datasets without any interaction with the environment. Online finetuning of such offline models can further improve performance. But how should we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yicheng Luo , Jackie Kay , Edward Grefenstette , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation (DICE) addresses the mismatch between the stationary distribution induced by a policy and the target distribution required for reliable off-policy evaluation (OPE) and policy optimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Woosung Kim , JunHo Seo , Jongmin Lee , Byung-Jun Lee

We study the novel problem of future off-policy evaluation (F-OPE) and learning (F-OPL) for estimating and optimizing the future value of policies in non-stationary environments, where distributions vary over time. In e-commerce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Tatsuhiro Shimizu , Kazuki Kawamura , Takanori Muroi , Yusuke Narita , Kei Tateno , Takuma Udagawa , Yuta Saito

When safety is formulated as a limit of cumulative cost, safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that maximize return subject to the cost constraint in data collection and deployment. Off-policy safe RL methods, although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Guopeng Li , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Julian F. P. Kooij

We consider the offline reinforcement learning (RL) setting where the agent aims to optimize the policy solely from the data without further environment interactions. In offline RL, the distributional shift becomes the primary source of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Jongmin Lee , Wonseok Jeon , Byung-Jun Lee , Joelle Pineau , Kee-Eung Kim

We consider real-world reinforcement learning (RL) of robotic manipulation tasks that involve both visuomotor skills and contact-rich skills. We aim to train a policy that maps multimodal sensory observations (vision and force) to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jun Jin , Daniel Graves , Cameron Haigh , Jun Luo , Martin Jagersand