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Advancements in quantum computing have spurred significant interest in harnessing its potential for speedups over classical systems. However, noise remains a major obstacle to achieving reliable quantum algorithms. In this work, we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Lucas Tecot , Di Luo , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Parameterised quantum circuits (PQCs) hold great promise for demonstrating quantum advantages in practical applications of quantum computation. Examples of successful applications include the variational quantum eigensolver, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Xin Hong , Wei-Jia Huang , Wei-Chen Chien , Yuan Feng , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Sanjiang Li , Mingsheng Ying

The use of Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) that are analogous to classical neural networks, has greatly increased in the past decade owing to the growing interest in the field of Quantum Machine Learning (QML). A QNN consists of three major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Koustubh Phalak , Swaroop Ghosh

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs), as one of the most promising schemes to realize quantum machine learning algorithms on near-term quantum computers, have been designed to solve machine earning tasks with quantum advantages. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Yuxuan Du , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

In the field of quantum machine learning (QML), parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) -- constructed using a combination of fixed and tunable quantum gates -- provide a promising hybrid framework for tackling complex machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Grier M. Jones , Viki Kumar Prasad , Ulrich Fekl , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm is gaining interest for its potential use in near-term quantum devices. In the VQE algorithm, parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are employed to prepare quantum states, which are then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Atsushi Matsuo , Yudai Suzuki , Ikko Hamamura , Shigeru Yamashita

Machine learning is seen as a promising application of quantum computation. For near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been proposed as machine learning models due to their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 Shuxiang Cao , Leonard Wossnig , Brian Vlastakis , Peter Leek , Edward Grant

Variational quantum algorithms, which utilize Parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs), are promising tools to achieve quantum advantage for optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. Their PQCs have been conventionally constructed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Hiroshi C. Watanabe , Rudy Raymond , Yu-ya Ohnishi , Eriko Kaminishi , Michihiko Sugawara

While scalable error correction schemes and fault tolerant quantum computing seem not to be universally accessible in the near sight, the efforts of many researchers have been directed to the exploration of the contemporary available…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have gained prominence as a viable framework for exploiting near-term quantum devices in applications ranging from optimization and chemistry simulation to machine learning. However, the effectiveness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yifeng Peng , Xinyi Li , Zhemin Zhang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Zhiding Liang , Ying Wang

We propose an algorithm for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to optimize the structure of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) efficiently. The algorithm optimizes the PQC structure on-the-fly in VQA by sequentially replacing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Kaito Wada , Rudy Raymond , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

Current experimental quantum computing devices are limited by noise, mainly originating from entangling gates. If an efficient gate sequence for an operation is unknown, one often employs layered parameterized quantum circuits, especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom R. Rieckmann , Stefan Scheel , A. Douglas K. Plato

Instantaneous quantum polynomial quantum circuit Born machines (IQP-QCBMs) have been proposed as quantum generative models with a classically tractable training objective based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and a potential quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Kevin Shen , Susanne Pielawa , Vedran Dunjko , Hao Wang

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are a central component of many variational quantum algorithms, yet there is a lack of understanding of how their parameterization impacts algorithm performance. We initiate this discussion by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amara Katabarwa , Sukin Sim , Dax Enshan Koh , Pierre-Luc Dallaire-Demers

Quantum machine learning for classical data is currently perceived to have a scalability problem due to (i) a bottleneck at the point of loading data into quantum states, (ii) the lack of clarity around good optimization strategies, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Sonika Johri

Variational quantum algorithms is one of the most representative algorithms in quantum computing, which has a wide range of applications in quantum machine learning, quantum simulation and other related fields. However, they face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Xiao Shi , Yun Shang

Parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) enable a novel method for machine learning (ML). However, from a computational point of view they present a challenge to existing eXplainable AI (xAI) methods. On the one hand, measurements on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-04 Patrick Steinmüller , Tobias Schulz , Ferdinand Graf , Daniel Herr

Quantum machine learning is arguably one of the most explored applications of near-term quantum devices. Much focus has been put on notions of variational quantum machine learning where parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are used as…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is known for its capability and universality in solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. The results yielded by QAOA depend strongly on its initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Xinwei Lee , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

Application-inspired benchmarks measure how well a quantum device performs meaningful calculations. In the case of parameterized circuit training, the computational task is the preparation of a target quantum state via optimization over a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Kathleen E. Hamilton , Raphael C. Pooser