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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable multi-step reasoning capabilities across various domains. However, LLMs still face distinct challenges in complex logical reasoning, as (1) proof-finding requires systematic exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kang He , Kaushik Roy

When language models correctly parse "The cat that the dog chased meowed," are they analyzing syntax or simply familiar with dogs chasing cats? Despite extensive benchmarking, we lack methods to distinguish structural understanding from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sangmitra Madhusudan , Kaige Chen , Ali Emami

Explainable question answering systems predict an answer together with an explanation showing why the answer has been selected. The goal is to enable users to assess the correctness of the system and understand its reasoning process.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Hendrik Schuff , Heike Adel , Ngoc Thang Vu

Real-world Table-Text question answering (QA) tasks require models that can reason across long text and source tables, traversing multiple hops and executing complex operations such as aggregation. Yet existing benchmarks are small,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Sungho Park , Jueun Kim , Wook-Shin Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

While trajectory prediction plays a critical role in enabling safe and effective path-planning in automated vehicles, standardized practices for evaluating such models remain underdeveloped. Recent efforts have aimed to unify dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Julian F. Schumann , Anna Mészáros , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced general-purpose reasoning, showing strong performance across diverse tasks. However, existing methods often rely on implicit exploration, where the model follows stochastic and unguided reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiaxiang Chen , Zhuo Wang , Mingxi Zou , Zhucong Li , Zhijian Zhou , Song Wang , Zenglin Xu

The rise of powerful multimodal LLMs has enhanced the viability of building web agents which can, with increasing levels of autonomy, assist users to retrieve information and complete tasks on various human-computer interfaces. It is hence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Maria Wang , Srinivas Sunkara , Gilles Baechler , Jason Lin , Yun Zhu , Fedir Zubach , Lei Shu , Jindong Chen

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Stefan F. Schouten , Peter Bloem , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

Large language models are increasingly capable of generating fluent-appearing text with relatively little task-specific supervision. But can these models accurately explain classification decisions? We consider the task of generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sarah Wiegreffe , Jack Hessel , Swabha Swayamdipta , Mark Riedl , Yejin Choi

The problem of explaining inconsistency-tolerant reasoning in knowledge bases (KBs) is a prominent topic in Artificial Intelligence (AI). While there is some work on this problem, the explanations provided by existing approaches often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Loan Ho , Stefan Schlobach

Think about how human handles complex reading tasks: marking key points, inferring their relationships, and structuring information to guide understanding and responses. Likewise, can a large language model benefit from text structure to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Qinsi Wang , Hancheng Ye , Jinhee Kim , Jinghan Ke , Yifei Wang , Martin Kuo , Zishan Shao , Dongting Li , Yueqian Lin , Ting Jiang , Chiyue Wei , Qi Qian , Wei Wen , Helen Li , Yiran Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

With the widespread use of language models (LMs) in NLP tasks, researchers have discovered the potential of Chain-of-thought (CoT) to assist LMs in accomplishing complex reasoning tasks by generating intermediate steps. However, human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) grow larger and more sophisticated, assessing their "reasoning" capabilities in natural language grows more challenging. Recent question answering (QA) benchmarks that attempt to assess reasoning are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Matthew Ho , Aditya Sharma , Justin Chang , Michael Saxon , Sharon Levy , Yujie Lu , William Yang Wang

Our goal is to combine the rich multistep inference of symbolic logical reasoning with the generalization capabilities of neural networks. We are particularly interested in complex reasoning about entities and relations in text and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Rajarshi Das , Arvind Neelakantan , David Belanger , Andrew McCallum

Chain of Thought (CoT) was introduced in recent research as a method for improving step-by-step reasoning in Large Language Models. However, CoT has limited applications such as its need for hand-crafted few-shot exemplar prompts and no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arda Sevinc , Abdurrahman Gumus

Large reasoning models (LRMs) increasingly rely on step-by-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to improve task performance, particularly in high-resource languages such as English. While recent work has examined final-answer accuracy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Raoyuan Zhao , Yihong Liu , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Evaluating the symbolic reasoning of large language models (LLMs) calls for geometry benchmarks that require multi-step proofs grounded in both text and diagrams. However, existing benchmarks are often limited in scale and rarely provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yushun Zhang , Weiping Fu , Zesheng Yang , Bo Zhao , Lingling Zhang , Jian Zhang , Yumeng Fu , Jiaxing Huang , Jun Liu

This paper primarily demonstrates a method to quantitatively assess the alignment between multi-step, structured reasoning in large language models and human preferences. We introduce the Alignment Score, a semantic-level metric that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boxuan Wang , Zhuoyun Li , Xinmiao Huang , Xiaowei Huang , Yi Dong
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