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Modern AI systems frequently rely on opaque black-box models, most notably Deep Neural Networks, whose performance stems from complex architectures with millions of learned parameters. While powerful, their complexity poses a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 David Dembinsky , Adriano Lucieri , Stanislav Frolov , Hiba Najjar , Ko Watanabe , Andreas Dengel

Explainability is becoming an important requirement for organizations that make use of automated decision-making due to regulatory initiatives and a shift in public awareness. Various and significantly different algorithmic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Tom Vermeire , Thibault Laugel , Xavier Renard , David Martens , Marcin Detyniecki

There is a disconnect between explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI) methods and the types of explanations that are useful for and demanded by society (policy makers, government officials, etc.) Questions that experts in artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Leilani H. Gilpin , Cecilia Testart , Nathaniel Fruchter , Julius Adebayo

As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

Recent applications of autonomous agents and robots, such as self-driving cars, scenario-based trainers, exploration robots, and service robots have brought attention to crucial trust-related challenges associated with the current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fatai Sado , Chu Kiong Loo , Wei Shiung Liew , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Cybersecurity vendors consistently apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) to their solutions and many cybersecurity domains can benefit from AI technology. However, black-box AI techniques present some difficulties in comprehension and adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Carlos Mendes , Tatiane Nogueira Rios

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a communication problem. XAI methods have been used to make AI more understandable and helped resolve some of the transparency issues that inhibit AI's broader usability. However, user evaluation studies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Simon Hudson , Matija Franklin

Explainable AI (XAI) is a promising means of supporting human-AI collaborations for high-stakes visual detection tasks, such as damage detection tasks from satellite imageries, as fully-automated approaches are unlikely to be perfectly safe…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Donghoon Shin , Sachin Grover , Kenneth Holstein , Adam Perer

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly recognizing the need to personalize and/or interactively adapt the explanation to better reflect users' explanation needs. While dialogue-based approaches to XAI have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dimitry Mindlin , Amelie Sophie Robrecht , Michael Morasch , Philipp Cimiano

Regulators have signalled an interest in adopting explainable AI(XAI) techniques to handle the diverse needs for model governance, operational servicing, and compliance in the financial services industry. In this short overview, we review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Jiahao Chen , Victor Storchan

The lack of explainability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the first obstacles that the industry and regulators must overcome to mitigate the risks associated with the technology. The need for eXplainable AI (XAI) is evident in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Georgios Pavlidis

Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a fundamental component of healthcare applications, both clinical and remote, but the best performing AI systems are often too complex to be self-explaining. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Flavio Di Martino , Franca Delmastro

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Guang Yang , Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is remarkable, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the inherent opacity of complex AI models presents significant challenges to their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Binbin Wen , Yihang Wu , Tareef Daqqaq , Ahmad Chaddad

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a set of techniques that allows the understanding of both technical and non-technical aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. XAI is crucial to help satisfying the increasingly important…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Riccardo Crupi , Alessandro Castelnovo , Daniele Regoli , Beatriz San Miguel Gonzalez

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to help users to grasp the reasoning behind the predictions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. Many XAI approaches have emerged in recent years. Consequently, a subfield related to the…

Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

An increasing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) motivates research on algorithms to explain ML models and their predictions -- so-called eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Despite many survey papers and discussions, the goals and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Moritz Renftle , Holger Trittenbach , Michael Poznic , Reinhard Heil

Explainable AI (XAI) has evolved in response to expectations and regulations, such as the EU AI Act, which introduces regulatory requirements on AI-powered systems. However, a persistent gap remains between existing XAI methods and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Francesco Sovrano , Giulia Vilone , Michael Lognoul