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Fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks is a large-scale optimization problem, in which the choice of the training algorithm critically determines how well the trained model can generalize to unseen test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Guangliang Liu , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Kristen Marie Johnson , Rongrong Wang

To remove redundant components of large language models (LLMs) without incurring significant computational costs, this work focuses on single-shot pruning without a retraining phase. We simplify the pruning process for Transformer-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jianwei Li , Yijun Dong , Qi Lei

Strategic classification~(SC) explores how individuals or entities modify their features strategically to achieve favorable classification outcomes. However, existing SC methods, which are largely based on linear models or shallow neural…

Iterative pruning is one of the most effective compression methods for pre-trained language models. We discovered that finding the optimal pruning decision is an equality-constrained 0-1 Integer Linear Programming problem. The solution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

Recently, prompt tuning (PT) has gained increasing attention as a parameter-efficient way of tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite extensively reducing the number of tunable parameters and achieving satisfying performance, PT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Yufei Huang , Yujia Qin , Huadong Wang , Yichun Yin , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial parameter redundancy, particularly in Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs). Existing pruning methods suffer from two primary limitations. First, reliance on dataset-specific calibration introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Abhishek Tyagi , Yunuo Cen , Shrey Dhorajiya , Bharadwaj Veeravalli , Xuanyao Fong

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning approaches have recently garnered a lot of attention. Having considerably lower number of trainable weights, these methods can bring about scalability and computational effectiveness. In this paper, we look…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Mohammad Akbar-Tajari , Sara Rajaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Training large language models (LLMs) is highly resource-intensive due to their massive number of parameters and the overhead of optimizer states. While recent work has aimed to reduce memory consumption, such efforts often entail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sahar Rajabi , Nayeema Nonta , Sirisha Rambhatla

Adapter-based Federated Large Language Models (FedLLMs) are widely adopted to reduce the computational, storage, and communication overhead of full-parameter fine-tuning for web-scale applications while preserving user privacy. By freezing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Silong Chen , Yuchuan Luo , Guilin Deng , Yi Liu , Min Xu , Shaojing Fu , Xiaohua Jia

Distributed learning paradigms such as federated learning often involve transmission of model updates, or gradients, over a network, thereby avoiding transmission of private data. However, it is possible for sensitive information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Trung Dang , Om Thakkar , Swaroop Ramaswamy , Rajiv Mathews , Peter Chin , Françoise Beaufays

The success of large-scale language models like GPT can be attributed to their ability to efficiently predict the next token in a sequence. However, these models rely on constant computational effort regardless of the complexity of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Kei-Sing Ng , Qingchen Wang

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to identify which training examples influence a model's predictions on specific test data most. By quantifying these influences, TDA supports critical applications such as data debugging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xingyuan Pan , Chenlu Ye , Joseph Melkonian , Jiaqi W. Ma , Tong Zhang

Although Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive results, their high computational costs pose a significant barrier to wide application. To enhance inference efficiency, most existing approaches can be categorized as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Wei Suo , Ji Ma , Mengyang Sun , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Recently, decomposing complex problems into simple subtasks--a crucial part of human-like natural planning--to solve the given problem has significantly boosted the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, leveraging such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Xin Liu , Yiwen Song , Mingyang Ling , Chitta Baral , Hamid Palangi , Tomas Pfister

Instruction tuning has unlocked powerful capabilities in large language models (LLMs), effectively using combined datasets to develop generalpurpose chatbots. However, real-world applications often require a specialized suite of skills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mengzhou Xia , Sadhika Malladi , Suchin Gururangan , Sanjeev Arora , Danqi Chen

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for content safety and prompt injection classification for Large Language Models. Our technique, Layer Enhanced Classification (LEC), trains a Penalized Logistic Regression (PLR) classifier on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Mason Sawtell , Tula Masterman , Sandi Besen , Jim Brown

Large Language Models memorize vast amounts of training data, raising concerns regarding privacy, copyright infringement, and safety. Machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of a targeted forget set while preserving model…

Meta-learning stands for 'learning to learn' such that generalization to new tasks is achieved. Among these methods, Gradient-based meta-learning algorithms are a specific sub-class that excel at quick adaptation to new tasks with limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jathushan Rajasegaran , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Multimodal adaptation equips large language models (LLMs) with perceptual capabilities, but often weakens the reasoning ability inherited from language-only pretraining. This trade-off is especially pronounced in video-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zihang Fu , Haonan Wang , Jian Kang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Jiaying Wu

Fine-tuning on task-specific question-answer pairs is a predominant method for enhancing the performance of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, in certain specialized domains, such as healthcare or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuyang Jiang , Yusheng Liao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang