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Related papers: Thermodynamic AI and the fluctuation frontier

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Urban systems are typical examples of complex systems, where the integration of physics-based modeling with artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising paradigm for enhancing predictive accuracy, interpretability, and decision-making.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-18 En Xu , Huandong Wang , Yunke Zhang , Sibo Li , Yinzhou Tang , Zhilun Zhou , Yuming Lin , Yuan Yuan , Xiaochen Fan , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li

Artificial intelligence (AI) is shifting the paradigm of two-phase heat transfer research. Recent innovations in AI and machine learning uniquely offer the potential for collecting new types of physically meaningful features that have not…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Youngjoon Suh , Aparna Chandramowlishwaran , Yoonjin Won

3D integration offers key advantages in improving system performance and efficiency for the End-of-Scaling era. It enables the incorporation of heterogeneous system components and disparate technologies, eliminates off-chip communication…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Eren Kurshan , Paul Franzon

This study discusses the quantum behavior of a particle, which is controlled by fluctuations in the physical space-time (ST) variables, rather than provides a novel interpretation of quantum theory. The fluctuations, i.e., inhomogeneities…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-15 Valery Egorushkin

Recent years have seen the dramatic rise of the usage of AI algorithms in pure mathematics and fundamental sciences such as theoretical physics. This is perhaps counter-intuitive since mathematical sciences require the rigorous definitions,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Yang-Hui He

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties, including the influence of crystal defects, are critical for evaluating materials in engineering applications. Molecular dynamics simulations provide valuable insight into these mechanisms at the…

The application of thermodynamic reasoning in the study of learning systems has a long tradition. Recently, new tools relating perfect thermodynamic adaptation to the adaptation process have been developed. These results, known as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-09-07 Pedro Hack , Cecilia Lindig-Leon , Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

The dynamics of learning in modern large AI systems is hierarchical, often characterized by abrupt, qualitative shifts akin to phase transitions observed in physical systems. While these phenomena hold promise for uncovering the mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Liu Ziyin , Yizhou Xu , Tomaso Poggio , Isaac Chuang

The modeling of multi-scale and multi-physics complex systems typically involves the use of scientific software that can optimally leverage extreme scale computing. Despite major developments in recent years, these simulations continue to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Shawn G. Rosofsky , E. A. Huerta

The postulational basis of classical thermodynamics has been expanded to incorporate equilibrium fluctuations. The main additional elements of the proposed thermodynamic theory are the concept of quasi-equilibrium states, a definition of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Y. Mishin

AI models have emerged as potential complements to physics-based models, but their skill in capturing observed regional climate trends with important societal impacts has not been explored. Here, we benchmark satellite-era regional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Katharine Rucker , Ian Baxter , Pedram Hassanzadeh , Tiffany A. Shaw , Hamid A. Pahlavan

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a new paradigm of scientific discovery, namely data-driven science, across nearly all scientific disciplines. In materials science and engineering, AI has already begun to exert a…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn significant inspiration from neuroscience to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models. However, these models remain constrained by the Von Neumann architecture and struggle to capture the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-18 Gautier-Edouard Filardo , Thibaut Heckmann

The remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), primarily driven by deep neural networks, are facing challenges surrounding unsustainable computational trajectories, limited robustness, and a lack of explainability. To develop…

Probabilistic computing excels in approximating combinatorial problems and modelling uncertainty. However, using conventional deterministic hardware for probabilistic models is challenging: (pseudo) random number generation introduces…

Traditional thermodynamics governs the behaviour of large systems that evolve between states of thermal equilibrium. For these large systems, the mean values of thermodynamic quantities (such as work, heat and entropy) provide a good…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-01 Andrew J. P. Garner

This article conducts a literature review of current and future challenges in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber physical systems. The literature review is focused on identifying a conceptual framework for increasing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Petar Radanliev , David De Roure , Max Van Kleek , Omar Santos , Uchenna Ani

Over the past decade, machine learning model complexity has grown at an extraordinary rate, as has the scale of the systems training such large models. However there is an alarmingly low hardware utilization (5-20%) in large scale AI…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Newsha Ardalani , Saptadeep Pal , Puneet Gupta

This paper develops a new dynamic power profiling approach for modeling AI-centric datacenter loads and analyzing their impact on grid operations, particularly their potential to induce wide-area grid oscillations. We characterize the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Min-Seung Ko , Hao Zhu

AI acceleration has been dominated by GPUs, but the growing need for lower latency, energy efficiency, and fine-grained hardware control exposes the limits of fixed architectures. In this context, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Arturo Urías Jiménez