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Passive operating system fingerprinting reveals valuable information to the defenders of heterogeneous private networks; at the same time, attackers can use fingerprinting to reconnoiter networks, so defenders need obfuscation techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Blake Anderson , David McGrew

Port scanning is the process of attempting to connect to various network ports on a computing endpoint to determine which ports are open and which services are running on them. It is a common method used by hackers to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jason M. Pittman

The steady reports of privacy invasions online paints a picture of the Internet growing into a more dangerous place. This is supported by reports of the potential scale for online harms facilitated by the mass deployment of online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Kovila P. L. Coopamootoo

We perform a passive measurement study investigating how a Protective DNS service might perform in a Research & Education Network serving hundreds of member institutions. Utilizing freely-available DNS blocklists consisting of domain names…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 David Plonka , Branden Palacio , Debbie Perouli

TR-069 is a standard for the remote management of end-user devices by service providers. Despite being implemented in nearly a billion devices, almost no research has been published on the security and privacy aspects of TR-069. The first…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Maximilian Hils , Rainer Böhme

Serverless computing has rapidly emerged as a prominent cloud paradigm, enabling developers to focus solely on application logic without the burden of managing servers or underlying infrastructure. Public serverless repositories have become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Eduard Marin , Jinwoo Kim , Alessio Pavoni , Mauro Conti , Roberto Di Pietro

Recent years have witnessed the emerging trend of extensions in modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Visual Studio Code (VSCode) that significantly enhance developer productivity. Especially, popular AI coding assistants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Li Li

Web attacks, i.e. attacks exclusively using the HTTP protocol, are rapidly becoming one of the fundamental threats for information systems connected to the Internet. When the attacks suffered by web servers through the years are analyzed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gonzalo Alvarez , Slobodan Petrovic

To keep up with demand, servers will scale up to handle hundreds of thousands of clients simultaneously. Much of the focus of the community has been on scaling servers in terms of aggregate traffic intensity (packets transmitted per…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Yimeng Zhao , Ahmed Saeed , Mostafa Ammar , Ellen Zegura

While natural language is commonly used to guide embodied agents, the inherent ambiguity and verbosity of language often hinder the effectiveness of language-guided navigation in complex environments. To this end, we propose Visual Prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shuo Feng , Zihan Wang , Yuchen Li , Rui Kong , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Gim Hee Lee , Piji Li , Shuqiang Jiang

Enterprise networks are one of the major targets for cyber attacks due to the vast amount of sensitive and valuable data they contain. A common approach to detecting attacks in the enterprise environment relies on modeling the behavior of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Enes Altinisik , Husrev Taha Sencar , Mohamed Nabeel , Issa Khalil , Ting Yu

Web communication has become an indispensable characteristic of mobile apps. However, it is not clear what data the apps transmit, to whom, and what consequences such transmissions have. We analyzed the web communications found in mobile…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Pascal Gadient , Mohammad Ghafari , Marc-Andrea Tarnutzer , Oscar Nierstrasz

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard for connecting large language models (LLMs) with external tools. However, this MCP ecosystem introduces new security risks across hosts, servers, and registries. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiaofan Li , Xing Gao

Python applications depend on third-party native libraries that may be vendored within package distributions or installed on the host system. When vulnerabilities are discovered in these native libraries, determining which Python packages…

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that enables new applications but also introduces privacy risks. In this paper, we focus on Oculus VR (OVR), the leading platform in the VR space and we provide the first comprehensive analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Rahmadi Trimananda , Hieu Le , Hao Cui , Janice Tran Ho , Anastasia Shuba , Athina Markopoulou

We conduct the first comprehensive security study on representative port forwarding services (PFS), which emerge in recent years and make the web services deployed in internal networks available on the Internet along with better usability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Haoyuan Wang , Yue Xue , Xuan Feng , Chao Zhou , Xianghang Mi

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) bear the brunt of being the first port of call for poor video streaming experience. ISPs can benefit from knowing the user's device type (e.g., Android, iOS) and software agent (e.g., native app, Chrome) to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yifan Wang , Minzhao Lyu , Vijay Sivaraman

We propose a new approach to traffic preprocessing called Differentiation of Sliding Rescaled Ranges (DSRR) expanding the ideas laid down by H.E. Hurst. We apply proposed approach on the characterizing encrypted and unencrypted traffic on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Raoul Nigmatullin , Alexander Ivchenko , Semyon Dorokhin

Detecting Domain Name System (DNS) tunneling is a significant challenge in security due to its capacity to hide harmful actions within DNS traffic that appears to be normal and legitimate. Traditional detection methods are based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Novruz Amirov , Baran Isik , Bilal Ihsan Tuncer , Serif Bahtiyar

We hypothesize that peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay network nodes can be attractive to attackers due to their visibility, sustained uptime, and resource potential. Towards validating this hypothesis, we investigate the state of active…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Scott Seidenberger , Anindya Maiti