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We present an algorithm for Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) from expert state observations only. Our approach decouples reward modelling from policy learning, unlike state-of-the-art adversarial methods which require updating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Wei-Di Chang , Juan Camilo Gamboa Higuera , Scott Fujimoto , David Meger , Gregory Dudek

Imitation learning (IL) from a state-based reinforcement learning (RL) policy is a common approach to overcome the curse of dimensionality in complex and high-dimensional observation spaces prevalent in robotics. This paper addresses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Meraj Mammadov , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Johannes Andreas Stork

Imitation Learning (IL) enables agents to mimic expert behavior by learning from demonstrations. However, traditional IL methods require large amounts of medium-to-high-quality demonstrations as well as actions of expert demonstrations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Siqi Yang , Kai Yan , Alexander G. Schwing , Yu-Xiong Wang

We study a new paradigm for sequential decision making, called offline policy learning from observations (PLfO). Offline PLfO aims to learn policies using datasets with substandard qualities: 1) only a subset of trajectories is labeled with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Anqi Li , Byron Boots , Ching-An Cheng

Imitation Learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training agents to achieve complicated goals by leveraging expert behavior, rather than dealing with the hardships of designing a correct reward function. With the environment modeled as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-28 Tanmay Gangwani , Jian Peng

Learning from observations (LfO) replicates expert behavior without needing access to the expert's actions, making it more practical than learning from demonstrations (LfD) in many real-world scenarios. However, directly applying the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-22 Yirui Zhou , Yunfei Jin , Xiaowei Liu , Xiaofeng Zhang , Yangchun Zhang

To learn from data collected in diverse dynamics, Imitation from Observation (IfO) methods leverage expert state trajectories based on the premise that recovering expert state distributions in other dynamics facilitates policy learning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhenghai Xue , Lang Feng , Jiacheng Xu , Kang Kang , Xiang Wen , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan

Agents that can learn to imitate given video observation -- \emph{without direct access to state or action information} are more applicable to learning in the natural world. However, formulating a reinforcement learning (RL) agent that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Glen Berseth , Florian Golemo , Christopher Pal

One of the common ways children learn is by mimicking adults. Imitation learning focuses on learning policies with suitable performance from demonstrations generated by an expert, with an unspecified performance measure, and unobserved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Junzhe Zhang , Daniel Kumor , Elias Bareinboim

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior from demonstrations, without access to an explicit reward signal. A popular class of approach infers the (unknown) reward function via inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) followed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Carl Qi , Pieter Abbeel , Aditya Grover

In imitation learning, it is common to learn a behavior policy to match an unknown target policy via max-likelihood training on a collected set of target demonstrations. In this work, we consider using offline experience datasets -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Ofir Nachum , Mengjiao Yang

Imitation learning allows agents to learn complex behaviors from demonstrations. However, learning a complex vision-based task may require an impractical number of demonstrations. Meta-imitation learning is a promising approach towards…

Imitation learning enables agents to reuse and adapt the hard-won expertise of others, offering a solution to several key challenges in learning behavior. Although it is easy to observe behavior in the real-world, the underlying actions may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Andrew Jaegle , Yury Sulsky , Arun Ahuja , Jake Bruce , Rob Fergus , Greg Wayne

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) tasks require the agent to learn from a pre-collected dataset with no further interactions with the environment. Despite the potential to surpass the behavioral policies, RL-based methods are generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Minghuan Liu , Hanye Zhao , Zhengyu Yang , Jian Shen , Weinan Zhang , Li Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Imitation learning methods seek to learn from an expert either through behavioral cloning (BC) of the policy or inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) of the reward. Such methods enable agents to learn complex tasks from humans that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Joe Watson , Sandy H. Huang , Nicolas Heess

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

We study interactive imitation learning, where a learner interactively queries a demonstrating expert for action annotations, aiming to learn a policy that has performance competitive with the expert, using as few annotations as possible.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yichen Li , Chicheng Zhang

We present a novel method for collaborative robots (cobots) to learn manipulation tasks and perform them in a human-like manner. Our method falls under the learn-from-observation (LfO) paradigm, where robots learn to perform tasks by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ehsan Asali , Prashant Doshi

The deployment of Reinforcement Learning to robotics applications faces the difficulty of reward engineering. Therefore, approaches have focused on creating reward functions by Learning from Observations (LfO) which is the task of learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Milan Ganai , Chiaki Hirayama , Ya-Chien Chang , Sicun Gao

Zero-shot imitation learning algorithms hold the promise of reproducing unseen behavior from as little as a single demonstration at test time. Existing practical approaches view the expert demonstration as a sequence of goals, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Thomas Rupf , Marco Bagatella , Nico Gürtler , Jonas Frey , Georg Martius