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Diffusion models learn to reverse the progressive noising of a data distribution to create a generative model. However, the desired continuous nature of the noising process can be at odds with discrete data. To deal with this tension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Griffin Floto , Thorsteinn Jonsson , Mihai Nica , Scott Sanner , Eric Zhengyu Zhu

Whereas the ability of deep networks to produce useful predictions has been amply demonstrated, estimating the reliability of these predictions remains challenging. Sampling approaches such as MC-Dropout and Deep Ensembles have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Nikita Durasov , Nik Dorndorf , Hieu Le , Pascal Fua

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved impressive success in visual generation. While, they suffer from slow inference speed due to iterative sampling. Employing fewer sampling steps is an intuitive solution, but this will also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hu Yu , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Feng Zhao

Estimating the uncertainty in deep neural network predictions is crucial for many real-world applications. A common approach to model uncertainty is to choose a parametric distribution and fit the data to it using maximum likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Ali Harakeh , Jordan Hu , Naiqing Guan , Steven L. Waslander , Liam Paull

In model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, using noisy value estimates to supervise policy evaluation and optimization is detrimental to the sample efficiency. As this noise is heteroscedastic, its effects can be mitigated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Vincent Mai , Kaustubh Mani , Liam Paull

We present a sampling-free approach for computing the epistemic uncertainty of a neural network. Epistemic uncertainty is an important quantity for the deployment of deep neural networks in safety-critical applications, since it represents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Janis Postels , Francesco Ferroni , Huseyin Coskun , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari

In this article we study the problem of quantifying the uncertainty in an experiment with a technical system. We propose new density estimates which combine observed data of the technical system and simulated data from an (imperfect)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Sebastian Kersting , Michael Kohler

Softmax is the most commonly used output function for multiclass problems and is widely used in areas such as vision, natural language processing, and recommendation. A softmax model has linear costs in the number of classes which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Guy Blanc , Steffen Rendle

We propose a prototype-based approach for improving explainability of softmax classifiers that provides an understandable prediction confidence, generated through stochastic sampling of prototypes, and demonstrates potential for out of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hilarie Sit , Brendan Keith , Karianne Bergen

Deep neural networks (NNs) are powerful black box predictors that have recently achieved impressive performance on a wide spectrum of tasks. Quantifying predictive uncertainty in NNs is a challenging and yet unsolved problem. Bayesian NNs,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Alexander Pritzel , Charles Blundell

Neural networks are ubiquitous in many tasks, but trusting their predictions is an open issue. Uncertainty quantification is required for many applications, and disentangled aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties are best. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Daniel Saromo

Supervised masking approaches in the time-frequency domain aim to employ deep neural networks to estimate a multiplicative mask to extract clean speech. This leads to a single estimate for each input without any guarantees or measures of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-16 Huajian Fang , Dennis Becker , Stefan Wermter , Timo Gerkmann

Although neural networks are powerful function approximators, the underlying modelling assumptions ultimately define the likelihood and thus the hypothesis class they are parameterizing. In classification, these assumptions are minimal as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Maria R. Cervera , Rafael Dätwyler , Francesco D'Angelo , Hamza Keurti , Benjamin F. Grewe , Christian Henning

We consider a data-driven robust hypothesis test where the optimal test will minimize the worst-case performance regarding distributions that are close to the empirical distributions with respect to the Wasserstein distance. This leads to a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Liyan Xie , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

There has long been debates on how we could interpret neural networks and understand the decisions our models make. Specifically, why deep neural networks tend to be error-prone when dealing with samples that output low softmax scores. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Simiao Zuo , Jialin Wu

How might a smooth probability distribution be estimated, with accurately quantified uncertainty, from a limited amount of sampled data? Here we describe a field-theoretic approach that addresses this problem remarkably well in one…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-10-24 Wei-Chia Chen , Ammar Tareen , Justin B. Kinney

Softmax loss is arguably one of the most popular losses to train CNN models for image classification. However, recent works have exposed its limitation on feature discriminability. This paper casts a new viewpoint on the weakness of softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Xiaobo Wang , Shifeng Zhang , Zhen Lei , Si Liu , Xiaojie Guo , Stan Z. Li

As the use of machine learning in high impact domains becomes widespread, the importance of evaluating safety has increased. An important aspect of this is evaluating how robust a model is to changes in setting or population, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Adarsh Subbaswamy , Roy Adams , Suchi Saria

Estimating and disentangling epistemic uncertainty, uncertainty that is reducible with more training data, and aleatoric uncertainty, uncertainty that is inherent to the task at hand, is critically important when applying machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Matthew A. Chan , Maria J. Molina , Christopher A. Metzler

In classification tasks, softmax functions are ubiquitously used as output activations to produce predictive probabilities. Such outputs only capture aleatoric uncertainty. To capture epistemic uncertainty, approximate Gaussian inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Bálint Mucsányi , Nathaël Da Costa , Philipp Hennig