Related papers: Proving Unsatisfiability with Hitting Formulas
We show how to convert any unsatisfiable 3-CNF formula which is sparse and exponentially hard to refute in Resolution into a negative instance of the $k$-clique problem whose corresponding natural encoding as a CNF formula is…
Whether the satisfiability of any formula F of propositional calculus can be determined in polynomial time is an open question. I propose a simple procedure based on some real world mechanisms to tackle this problem. The main result is the…
This paper first analyzes the resolution complexity of two random CSP models (i.e. Model RB/RD) for which we can establish the existence of phase transitions and identify the threshold points exactly. By encoding CSPs into CNF formulas, it…
Maximum satisfiability is a canonical NP-hard optimization problem that appears empirically hard for random instances. Let us say that a Conjunctive normal form (CNF) formula consisting of $k$-clauses is $p$-satisfiable if there exists a…
We study when a sound arithmetic theory $\mathcal S{\supseteq}S^1_2$ with polynomial-time decidable axioms efficiently proves the bounded consistency statements $Con_{\mathcal S{+}\phi}(n)$ for a true sentence $\phi$. Equivalently, we ask…
A forcing set $S$ in a combinatorial problem is a set of elements such that there is a unique solution that contains all the elements in $S$. An anti-forcing set is the symmetric concept: a set $S$ of elements is called an anti-forcing set…
HyperLTL, the extension of Linear Temporal Logic by trace quantifiers, is a uniform framework for expressing information flow policies by relating multiple traces of a security-critical system. HyperLTL has been successfully applied to…
Hardness results for maximum agreement problems have close connections to hardness results for proper learning in computational learning theory. In this paper we prove two hardness results for the problem of finding a low degree polynomial…
The random k-SAT model is the most important and well-studied distribution over k-SAT instances. It is closely connected to statistical physics; it is used as a testbench for satisfiability algorithms, and average-case hardness over this…
Resolution over linear equations is a natural extension of the popular resolution refutation system, augmented with the ability to carry out basic counting. Denoted Res(lin_R), this refutation system operates with disjunctions of linear…
We prove several decidability and undecidability results for the satisfiability and validity problems for languages that can express solutions to word equations with length constraints. The atomic formulas over this language are equality…
The Peterson hit problem in algebraic topology is to explicitly determine the dimension of the quotient space $Q\mathcal P_k = \mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A}\mathcal P_k$ in positive degrees, where $\mathcal{P}_k$ denotes the polynomial…
Regular model checking is a well-established technique for the verification of regular transition systems (RTS): transition systems whose initial configurations and transition relation can be effectively encoded as regular languages. In…
We investigate the size complexity of proofs in $Res(s)$ -- an extension of Resolution working on $s$-DNFs instead of clauses -- for families of contradictions given in the {\em unusual binary} encoding. A motivation of our work is size…
The hitting set problem is a well-known NP-hard optimization problem in which, given a set of elements and a collection of subsets, the goal is to find the smallest selection of elements, such that each subset contains at least one element…
Agentic theorem provers often introduce intermediate lemmas, proof sketches, or subgoal decompositions before returning to tactic-level search. This can look like an expensive detour: if proving lemmas is itself hard, why should a learned…
Hybrid zonotopes generalize constrained zonotopes by introducing additional binary variables and possess some unique properties that make them convenient to represent nonconvex sets. This paper presents novel hybrid zonotope-based methods…
Let $P:\{0,1\}^k \to \{0,1\}$ be a nontrivial $k$-ary predicate. Consider a random instance of the constraint satisfaction problem $\mathrm{CSP}(P)$ on $n$ variables with $\Delta n$ constraints, each being $P$ applied to $k$ randomly chosen…
Hypertree decompositions (HDs), as well as the more powerful generalized hypertree decompositions (GHDs), and the yet more general fractional hypertree decompositions (FHDs) are hypergraph decomposition methods successfully used for…
We consider the problem of approximating the reachable set of a discrete-time polynomial system from a semialgebraic set of initial conditions under general semialgebraic set constraints. Assuming inclusion in a given simple set like a box…