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Recent progress in hardware and methodology for training neural networks has ushered in a new generation of large networks trained on abundant data. These models have obtained notable gains in accuracy across many NLP tasks. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Emma Strubell , Ananya Ganesh , Andrew McCallum

State-of-the-art machine learning frameworks support a wide variety of design features to enable a flexible machine learning programming interface and to ease the programmability burden on machine learning developers. Identifying and using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Yu Emma Wang , Carole-Jean Wu , Xiaodong Wang , Kim Hazelwood , David Brooks

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly recognized for their exceptional generative capabilities and versatility across various tasks. However, the high inference costs associated with these models have not received adequate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Soham Poddar , Paramita Koley , Janardan Misra , Sanjay Podder , Niloy Ganguly , Saptarshi Ghosh

Matrix multiplication is the bedrock in Deep Learning inference application. When it comes to hardware acceleration on edge computing devices, matrix multiplication often takes up a great majority of the time. To achieve better performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yuyang Zhang , Dik Hin Leung , Min Guo , Yijia Xiao , Haoyue Liu , Yunfei Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Guan Wang , Zhen Chen

As NLP models become larger, executing a trained model requires significant computational resources incurring monetary and environmental costs. To better respect a given inference budget, we propose a modification to contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Roy Schwartz , Gabriel Stanovsky , Swabha Swayamdipta , Jesse Dodge , Noah A. Smith

Real-time Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference with low-latency requirement has become increasingly important for numerous applications in both cloud computing (e.g., Apple's Siri) and edge computing (e.g., Google/Waymo's driverless car).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Weiwen Jiang , Edwin H. -M. Sha , Xinyi Zhang , Lei Yang , Qingfeng Zhuge , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

The inference of deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained embedded systems introduces non-trivial trade-offs among model accuracy, computational latency, and hardware limitations, particularly when real-time constraints must be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 T. Baldi , D. Casini , A. Biondi

State-of-the-art reasoning LLMs are powerful problem solvers, but they still occasionally make mistakes. However, adopting AI models in risk-sensitive domains often requires error rates near 0%. To address this gap, we propose collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Michael J. Zellinger , Matt Thomson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral across various domains and have demonstrated impressive performance. Progress, however, rests on the premise that benchmark scores are both accurate and reproducible. We demonstrate that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiayi Yuan , Hao Li , Xinheng Ding , Wenya Xie , Yu-Jhe Li , Wentian Zhao , Kun Wan , Jing Shi , Xia Hu , Zirui Liu

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

Executing machine learning inference tasks on resource-constrained edge devices requires careful hardware-software co-design optimizations. Recent examples have shown how transformer-based deep neural network models such as ALBERT can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zirui Fu , Aleksandre Avaliani , Marco Donato

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other large foundation models have achieved noteworthy success, but their size exacerbates existing resource consumption and latency challenges. In particular, the large-scale deployment of these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Banghua Zhu , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Clark Barrett , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

With the growing workload of inference tasks on mobile devices, state-of-the-art neural architectures (NAs) are typically designed through Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to identify NAs with good tradeoffs between accuracy and efficiency…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Zhuojin Li , Marco Paolieri , Leana Golubchik

Breakthroughs in the generative AI domain have fueled an explosion of large language model (LLM)-powered applications, whose workloads fundamentally consist of sequences of inferences through transformer architectures. Within this rapidly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Burak Topcu , Musa Oguzhan Cim , Poovaiah Palangappa , Meena Arunachalam , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, practitioners face increasing options for enhancing inference-time performance without model retraining, including budget tuning and multi-step techniques like self-reflection. While these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Jack Butler , Nikita Kozodoi , Zainab Afolabi , Brian Tyacke , Gaiar Baimuratov

Tool-augmented reasoning has become a popular direction for LLM-based agents, and it is widely assumed to improve reasoning and reliability. However, we demonstrate that this consensus does not always hold: in the presence of semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Kaituo Zhang , Zhen Xiong , Mingyu Zhong , Zhimeng Jiang , Zhouyuan Yuan , Zhecheng Li , Ying Lin

Production LLM systems increasingly require machine-readable outputs: JSON objects, typed traces, regex-constrained fields, and tool-call schemas. This paper targets on-device and low-cost small language model (SLM) deployments, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jaideep Ray

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across diverse reasoning and generation tasks, and are increasingly deployed as agents in dynamic environments such as code generation and recommendation systems. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Kang , Qingru Zhang , Han Cai , Weiyuan Xu , Tushar Krishna , Yilun Du , Tsachy Weissman

The transition from standard generative AI to \emph{reasoning-centric architectures}, exemplified by models capable of extensive Chain-of-Thought~(CoT) processing, marks a fundamental paradigm shift in system requirements. Unlike…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Moiz Arif , Avinash Maurya , Sudharshan Vazhkudai , Bogdan Nicolae

The field of deep learning has witnessed a remarkable shift towards extremely compute- and memory-intensive neural networks. These newer larger models have enabled researchers to advance state-of-the-art tools across a variety of fields.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Daniel Nichols , Siddharth Singh , Shu-Huai Lin , Abhinav Bhatele