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Differential geometry offers a powerful framework for optimising and characterising finite-time thermodynamic processes, both classical and quantum. Here, we start by a pedagogical introduction to the notion of thermodynamic length. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Paolo Abiuso , Harry J. D. Miller , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Matteo Scandi

We consider the problem of finding the energy minimum of a complex quantum Hamiltonian by employing a non-Markovian bath prepared in a low energy state. The energy minimization problem is thus turned into a thermodynamic cooling protocol in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Alberto Imparato , Nicholas Chancellor , Gabriele De Chiara

Progress in miniaturized technology allows us to control physical systems at nanoscale with remarkable precision. Experimental advancements have sparked interest in control problems in stochastic thermodynamics, typically concerning a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-26 Julia Sanders , Marco Baldovin , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi

Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they dissipate heat, thereby increasing the net entropy of their environment. Recently introduced…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Dominic J. Skinner , Jörn Dunkel

Biological and engineered systems operate by coupling function to the transfer of heat and/or particles down a thermal or chemical gradient. In idealized \textit{deterministically} driven systems, thermodynamic control can be exerted…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-06 Benjamin B. Machta

Optimal transport theory, originally developed in the 18th century for civil engineering, has since become a powerful optimization framework across disciplines, from generative AI to cell biology. In physics, it has recently been shown to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Shingo Oikawa , Yohei Nakayama , Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa , Shoichi Toyabe

Recent experiments have implemented resetting by means of an external trap, whereby a system relaxes to the minimum of the trap and is reset in a finite time. In this work, we set up and analyse the thermodynamics of such a protocol. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-01 Kristian Stølevik Olsen , Deepak Gupta , Francesco Mori , Supriya Krishnamurthy

We investigate the finite time thermodynamics of a single-level fermion system interacting with a thermal reservoir through a tunneling junction. The optimal protocol to extract the maximum work from the system when moving the single energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Massimiliano Esposito , Ryoichi Kawai , Katja Lindenberg , Christian Van den Broeck

We analyze underdamped Brownian motion in non-isothermal media with quadratic, linear, and piecewise-constant temperature profiles. Exact identities for entropy production and entropy extraction are derived, addressing whether a vanishing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-10 Mesfin Taye

The thermodynamics of mesoscopic systems driven by time-varying temperatures is crucial for understanding biological systems, designing nanoscale engines, and performing micro-particle cooling. In this work, we analyze an underdamped…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-03 Felipe P. Abreu , Welles A. M. Morgado

A fundamental and intrinsic property of any device or natural system is its relaxation time relax, which is the time it takes to return to equilibrium after the sudden change of a control parameter [1]. Reducing $tau$ relax , is frequently…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-25 Ignacio Martinez , Artyom Petrosyan , David Guéry-Odelin , Emmanuel Trizac , Sergio Ciliberto

We consider a general discrete state-space system with both unidirectional and bidirectional links. In contrast to bidirectional links, there is no reverse transition along the unidirectional links. Herein, we first compute the statistical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-04 Deepak Gupta , Daniel M. Busiello

In the paradigm of thermodynamic computing, instead of behaving deterministically, hardware undergoes a stochastic process in order to sample from a distribution of interest. While it has been hypothesized that thermodynamic computers may…

In this paper we show how to efficiently achieve thermal cloaking from a computational standpoint in several virtual scenarios by controlling a distribution of active heat sources. We frame this problem in the setting of PDE-constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-23 Carlo Sinigaglia , Davide Enrico Quadrelli , Andrea Manzoni , Francesco Braghin

The construction of efficient thermal engines operating at finite times constitutes a fundamental and timely topic in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We introduce a strategy for optimizing the performance of Brownian engines, based on a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-04 C. E. Fernández Noa , Angel L. L. Stable , William G. C. Oropesa , Alexandre Rosas , C. E. Fiore

Stochastic thermodynamics lays down a broad framework to revisit the venerable concepts of heat, work and entropy production for individual stochastic trajectories of mesoscopic systems. Remarkably, this approach, relying on stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-31 David Guéry-Odelin , Christopher Jarzynski , Carlos A. Plata , Antonio Prados , Emmanuel Trizac

Optimal control of levitated nanoparticles subjected to thermal fluctuations is a challenging problem, both theoretically and experimentally. In this Letter, we compute the time-dependent harmonic confining potential that steers, in a…

Optimal (reversible) processes in thermodynamics can be modelled as step-by-step processes, where the system is successively thermalized with respect to different Hamiltonians by an external thermal bath. However, in practice interactions…

The standard dynamical approach to quantum thermodynamics is based on Markovian master equations describing the thermalization of a system weakly coupled to a large environment, and on tools such as entropy production relations. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-08 Matteo Lostaglio , Kamil Korzekwa

Irreversible processes accomplished in a fixed time involve nonlinearly coupled flows of matter, energy, and information. Here, using entropy production as an example, we show how thermodynamic uncertainty relations and speed limits on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-12 Schuyler B. Nicholson , Jason R. Green