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Artificial neural networks thrive in solving the classification problem for a particular rigid task, acquiring knowledge through generalized learning behaviour from a distinct training phase. The resulting network resembles a static entity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Matthias De Lange , Rahaf Aljundi , Marc Masana , Sarah Parisot , Xu Jia , Ales Leonardis , Gregory Slabaugh , Tinne Tuytelaars

Continual learning aims to emulate the human ability to continually accumulate knowledge over sequential tasks. The main challenge is to maintain performance on previously learned tasks after learning new tasks, i.e., to avoid catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Yunhao Ge , Yuecheng Li , Shuo Ni , Jiaping Zhao , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Laurent Itti

This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Continual Learning (CL) aims to sequentially train models on streams of incoming data that vary in distribution by preserving previous knowledge while adapting to new data. Current CL literature focuses on restricted access to previously…

Distributed learning facilitates the scaling-up of data processing by distributing the computational burden over several nodes. Despite the vast interest in distributed learning, generalization performance of such approaches is not well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-05 Martin Hellkvist , Ayça Özçelikkale , Anders Ahlén

The ability to learn different tasks sequentially is essential to the development of artificial intelligence. In general, neural networks lack this capability, the major obstacle being catastrophic forgetting. It occurs when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Kaustubh Olpadkar , Ekta Gavas

In the present era of deep learning, continual learning research is mainly focused on mitigating forgetting when training a neural network with stochastic gradient descent on a non-stationary stream of data. On the other hand, in the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Soochan Lee , Hyeonseong Jeon , Jaehyeon Son , Gunhee Kim

Pre-trained representation is one of the key elements in the success of modern deep learning. However, existing works on continual learning methods have mostly focused on learning models incrementally from scratch. In this paper, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hyounguk Shon , Janghyeon Lee , Seung Hwan Kim , Junmo Kim

Continual learning refers to the problem where the training data is available in sequential chunks, termed "tasks". The majority of progress in continual learning has been stunted by the problem of catastrophic forgetting, which is caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rajas Chitale , Ankit Vaidya , Aditya Kane , Archana Ghotkar

Large language models exhibit remarkable performance across diverse tasks through pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms. However, continual fine-tuning on sequential tasks induces catastrophic forgetting, where newly acquired knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Continual learning is a subfield of machine learning, which aims to allow machine learning models to continuously learn on new data, by accumulating knowledge without forgetting what was learned in the past. In this work, we take a step…

Continual Learning (CL) aims at incrementally learning new tasks without forgetting the knowledge acquired from old ones. Experience Replay (ER) is a simple and effective rehearsal-based strategy, which optimizes the model with current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tao Zhuo , Zhiyong Cheng , Zan Gao , Hehe Fan , Mohan Kankanhalli

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a significant challenge in machine learning, where a model forgets previously learned information upon learning new tasks. Despite the advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), they continue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Gangwei Jiang , Caigao Jiang , Zhaoyi Li , Siqiao Xue , Jun Zhou , Linqi Song , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

One of the objectives of Continual Learning is to learn new concepts continually over a stream of experiences and at the same time avoid catastrophic forgetting. To mitigate complete knowledge overwriting, memory-based methods store a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Felipe del Rio , Julio Hurtado , Cristian Buc , Alvaro Soto , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Continual learning seeks to enable machine learning systems to solve an increasing corpus of tasks sequentially. A critical challenge for continual learning is forgetting, where the performance on previously learned tasks decreases as new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yasaman Mahdaviyeh , James Lucas , Mengye Ren , Andreas S. Tolias , Richard Zemel , Toniann Pitassi

In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Arslan Chaudhry , Naeemullah Khan , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip H. S. Torr

Online continual learning (OCL) refers to the ability of a system to learn over time from a continuous stream of data without having to revisit previously encountered training samples. Learning continually in a single data pass is crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 German I. Parisi , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Existing research on continual learning (CL) of a sequence of tasks focuses mainly on dealing with catastrophic forgetting (CF) to balance the learning plasticity of new tasks and the memory stability of old tasks. However, an ideal CL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhi Wang , Zhongbin Wu , Yanni Li , Bing Liu , Guangxi Li , Yuping Wang

Continual learning, the ability of a model to adapt to an ongoing sequence of tasks without forgetting earlier ones, is a central goal of artificial intelligence. To better understand its underlying mechanisms, we study the limitations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Hossein Taheri , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

Deep learning has proved to be a successful paradigm for solving many challenges in machine learning. However, deep neural networks fail when trained sequentially on multiple tasks, a shortcoming known as catastrophic forgetting in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Giulia Lanzillotta , Sidak Pal Singh , Benjamin F. Grewe , Thomas Hofmann