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We prove that, for any graph $G$, its graph energy is at least twice the Randic index. We show that equality holds if and only if $G$ is the union of complete bipartite graphs.

In this note, starting with any group homomorphism $f\colon\Gamma\to G$, which is surjective upon abelianization, we construct a universal central extension $u\colon U\twoheadrightarrow G,$ UNDER $\Gamma$ with the same surjective property,…

The extension complexity $\mathsf{xc}(P)$ of a polytope $P$ is the minimum number of facets of a polytope that affinely projects to $P$. Let $G$ be a bipartite graph with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, and no isolated vertices. Let…

Let $G$ be a finite graph and $I(G)$ its edge ideal. We give a full description of the Stanley--Reisner complex of the polarization of $I(G)^2$, naturally introducing the tools of Stanley--Reisner theory in the study of the algebraic…

We isolate two combinatorial properties, each expressible by a $\Pi_2$-sentence over the structure $(H(\omega_3),\in,\omega_1,\omega_2,\text{NS}_{\omega_2})$, such that each property is consistent with CH, and their conjunction together…

A vertex set $D$ in a finite undirected graph $G$ is an {\em efficient dominating set} (\emph{e.d.s.}\ for short) of $G$ if every vertex of $G$ is dominated by exactly one vertex of $D$. The \emph{Efficient Domination} (ED) problem, which…

An old conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and McKay states that if all homogeneous sets in an $n$-vertex graph are of order $O(\log n)$ then the graph contains induced subgraphs of each size from $\{0,1,\ldots, \Omega (n^2)\}$. We prove a bipartite…

Recently, Alon, Cambie, and Kang introduced asymmetric list coloring of bipartite graphs, where the size of each vertex's list depends on its part. For complete bipartite graphs, we fix the list sizes of one part and consider the resulting…

We prove that it is consistent that $\aleph_\omega$ is strong limit, $2^{\aleph_\omega}$ is large and the universality number for graphs on $\aleph_{\omega+1}$ is small. The proof uses Prikry forcing with interleaved collapsing.

In a graph $G$, the $2$-neighborhood of a vertex set $X$ consists of all vertices of $G$ having at least $2$ neighbors in $X$. We say that a bipartite graph $G(A,B)$ satisfies the double Hall property if $|A|\geq2$, and every subset $X…

The preservation theorems for semi-properness, hemi-properness, and pseudo-completeness hold for countable support iterations as well as revised countable support iterations, notwithstanding the fact that the "factor lemma" fails for the…

We determine upper and lower bounds on the zero forcing number of 2-connected outerplanar graphs in terms of the structure of the weak dual. We show that the upper bound is always at most half the number of vertices of the graph. This work…

For a planar graph with a given f-vector $(f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}),$ we introduce a cubic polynomial whose coefficients depend on the f-vector. The planar graph is said to be real if all the roots of the corresponding polynomial are real. Thus…

We show that the forcing axiom for countably compact, $\omega_2$-Knaster, well-met posets is inconsistent. This is supplemental to an inconsistency result of Shelah and sets a new limit to the generalization of Martin's Axiom to the stage…

For $m, n\in \N$, the fractional power $\Gmn$ of a graph $G$ is the $m$th power of the $n$-subdivision of $G$, where the $n$-subdivision is obtained by replacing each edge in $G$ with a path of length $n$. It was conjectured by Iradmusa…

A graph is Schur-positive if its chromatic symmetric function expands non-negatively in the Schur basis. We determine a full Schur-positivity classification for complete multipartite graphs by showing that a complete multipartite graph…

Conway-Gordon proved that for every spatial complete graph on 6 vertices, the sum of the linking numbers over all of the constituent 2-component links is congruent to 1 modulo 2, and for every spatial complete graph on 7 vertices, the sum…

For a given graph $R$, a graph $G$ is $R$-free if $G$ does not contain $R$ as an induced subgraph. It is known that every $2$-tough graph with at least three vertices has a $2$-factor. In graphs with restricted structures, it was shown that…

We prove the multiplicity bounds conjectured by Herzog-Huneke-Srinivasan and Herzog-Srinivasan in the following cases: the strong conjecture for edge ideals of bipartite graphs, and the weaker Taylor bound conjecture for all quadratic…

There have been many generalizations of Shoenfield's Theorem on the absoluteness of $\Sigma^1_2$ sentences between uncountable transitive models of $\mathrm{ZFC}$. One of the strongest versions currently known deals with $\Sigma^2_1$…