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In-context learning (ICL) is the ability of a model to learn a new task by observing a few exemplars in its context. While prevalent in NLP, this capability has recently also been observed in Reinforcement Learning (RL) settings. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Thomas Schmied , Fabian Paischer , Vihang Patil , Markus Hofmarcher , Razvan Pascanu , Sepp Hochreiter

We present PORTAL, a novel framework for developing artificial intelligence agents capable of playing thousands of 3D video games through language-guided policy generation. By transforming decision-making problems into language modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhongwen Xu , Xianliang Wang , Siyi Li , Tao Yu , Liang Wang , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

Achieving autonomous agents with robust generalization capabilities across diverse games and tasks remains one of the ultimate goals in AI research. Recent advancements in transformer-based offline reinforcement learning, exemplified by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kensuke Tatematsu , Akifumi Wachi

Large language models (LLMs) are being applied as actors for sequential decision making tasks in domains such as robotics and games, utilizing their general world knowledge and planning abilities. However, previous work does little to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Kolby Nottingham , Yasaman Razeghi , Kyungmin Kim , JB Lanier , Pierre Baldi , Roy Fox , Sameer Singh

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

Emergent symbolic representations are critical for enabling developmental learning agents to plan and generalize across tasks. In this work, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can translate human natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Ziqi Ma , Sao Mai Nguyen , Philippe Xu

Enhancing the adaptive capabilities of large language models is a critical pursuit in both research and application. Traditional fine-tuning methods require substantial data and computational resources, especially for enhancing specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Futing Wang , Jianhao Yan , Yue Zhang , Tao Lin

Language models (LLMs) offer potential as a source of knowledge for agents that need to acquire new task competencies within a performance environment. We describe efforts toward a novel agent capability that can construct cues (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 James R. Kirk , Robert E. Wray , Peter Lindes , John E. Laird

In this paper, we explore the utilization of natural language to drive transfer for reinforcement learning (RL). Despite the wide-spread application of deep RL techniques, learning generalized policy representations that work across domains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Karthik Narasimhan , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Referential games offer a grounded learning environment for neural agents which accounts for the fact that language is functionally used to communicate. However, they do not take into account a second constraint considered to be fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Gautier Dagan , Dieuwke Hupkes , Elia Bruni

There has been a growing interest in developing learner models to enhance learning and teaching experiences in educational environments. However, existing works have primarily focused on structured environments relying on meticulously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Bahar Radmehr , Adish Singla , Tanja Käser

Text-based games (TGs) are language-based interactive environments for reinforcement learning. While language models (LMs) and knowledge graphs (KGs) are commonly used for handling large action space in TGs, it is unclear whether these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Dongwon Kelvin Ryu , Meng Fang , Shirui Pan , Gholamreza Haffari , Ehsan Shareghi

Dynamic data-driven Digital Twins (DDTs) can enable informed decision-making and provide an optimisation platform for the underlying system. By leveraging principles of Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS), DDTs can formulate…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and multi-step problem solving. However, these agents struggle to adapt to specialized environments and do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Marc-Antoine Allard , Arnaud Teinturier , Victor Xing , Gautier Viaud

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Task-oriented dialogue systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention across various industries and achieved significant results. Current approaches condense complex procedural workflows into a single agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zihao Feng , Xiaoxue Wang , Bowen Wu , Weihong Zhong , Zhen Xu , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao , Ying Li , Baoxun Wang

We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI assistants such as large language models (LMs) must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to help them make complex decisions. We formalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jessy Lin , Nicholas Tomlin , Jacob Andreas , Jason Eisner

Recent trends are emerging in the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as autonomous agents that take actions based on the content of the user text prompts. We intend to apply these concepts to the field of Guidance, Navigation, and Control…

Negotiation is a core component of social intelligence, requiring agents to balance strategic reasoning, cooperation, and social norms. Recent work shows that LLMs can engage in multi-turn negotiation, yet nearly all evaluations occur…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Stuti Sinha , Himanshu Kumar , Aryan Raju Mandapati , Rakshit Sakhuja , Dhruv Kumar

In the realm of online advertising, advertisers partake in ad auctions to obtain advertising slots, frequently taking advantage of auto-bidding tools provided by demand-side platforms. To improve the automation of these bidding systems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Hao Jiang , Yongxiang Tang , Yanxiang Zeng , Pengjia Yuan , Yanhua Cheng , Teng Sha , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang
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