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Over the past decade, Internet centralization and its implications for both people and the resilience of the Internet has become a topic of active debate. While the networking community informally agrees on the definition of centralization,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Gautam Akiwate , Kimberly Ruth , Rumaisa Habib , Zakir Durumeric

Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people's behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Paul Graßl , Hanna Schraffenberger , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Moniek Buijzen

People use web search engines to find information before forming opinions, which can lead to practical decisions with different levels of impact. The cognitive effort of search can leave opinionated users vulnerable to cognitive biases,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Z. Wu , T. Draws , F. Cau , F. Barile , A. Rieger , N. Tintarev

Browser fingerprinting often provides an attractive alternative to third-party cookies for tracking users across the web. In fact, the increasing restrictions on third-party cookies placed by common web browsers and recent regulations like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Over the past years, e-commerce platforms have expanded substantially, providing customers with convenient shopping experiences. To enhance e-commerce websites, it's essential to grasp user engagement and factors affecting conversion rates.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amrutha Muralidhar , Yathindra Lakkanna

On the modern web, trackers and advertisers frequently construct and monetize users' detailed behavioral profiles without consent. Despite various studies on web tracking mechanisms and advertisements, there has been no rigorous study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zahra Moti , Asuman Senol , Hamid Bostani , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Veelasha Moonsamy , Arunesh Mathur , Gunes Acar

This work presents a systematic study of navigational tracking, the latest development in the cat-and-mouse game between browsers and online trackers. Navigational tracking allows trackers to 'aggregate users' activities and behaviors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Audrey Randall , Peter Snyder , Alisha Ukani , Alex Snoeren , Geoff Voelker , Stefan Savage , Aaron Schulman

We present the first extensive measurement of the privacy properties of the advertising systems used by privacy-focused search engines. We propose an automated methodology to study the impact of clicking on search ads on three popular…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Salim Chouaki , Oana Goga , Hamed Haddadi , Peter Snyder

Understanding how people interact with the web is key for a variety of applications, e.g., from the design of effective web pages to the definition of successful online marketing campaigns. Browsing behavior has been traditionally…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Luca Vassio , Idilio Drago , Marco Mellia , Zied Ben Houidi , Mohamed Lamine Lamali

The Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF), developed by the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) Europe, provides a de facto standard for requesting, recording, and managing user consent from European end-users. This framework has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Victor Morel , Cristiana Santos , Pontus Carlsson , Joel Ahlinder , Romaric Duvignau

Third-party cookies have been a privacy concern since cookies were first developed in the mid 1990s, but more strict cookie policies were only introduced by Internet browser vendors in the early 2010s. More recently, due to regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Mário S. Alvim , Natasha Fernandes , Annabelle McIver , Gabriel H. Nunes

We show how third-party web trackers can deanonymize users of cryptocurrencies. We present two distinct but complementary attacks. On most shopping websites, third party trackers receive information about user purchases for purposes of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Steven Goldfeder , Harry Kalodner , Dillon Reisman , Arvind Narayanan

Getting deeper insights into the online browsing behavior of Web users has been a major research topic since the advent of the WWW. It provides useful information to optimize website design, Web browser design, search engines offerings, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-02-24 Christian von der Weth , Manfred Hauswirth

Recent works showed that websites can detect browser extensions that users install and websites they are logged into. This poses significant privacy risks, since extensions and Web logins that reflect user's behavior, can be used to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Gabor Gyorgy Gulyas , Doliere Francis Some , Nataliia Bielova , Claude Castelluccia

Cross-browser compatibility testing is concerned with identifying perceptible differences in the way a Web page is rendered across different browsers or configurations thereof. Existing automated cross-browser compatibility testing methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Tõnis Saar , Marlon Dumas , Marti Kaljuve , Nataliia Semenenko

In order to evaluate the prevalence of security and privacy practices on a representative sample of the Web, researchers rely on website popularity rankings such as the Alexa list. While the validity and representativeness of these rankings…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Victor Le Pochat , Tom Van Goethem , Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob , Maciej Korczyński , Wouter Joosen

Online advertisements have become one of today's most widely used tools for enhancing businesses partly because of their compatibility with A/B testing. A/B testing allows sellers to find effective advertisement strategies such as ad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Akira Matsui , Daisuke Moriwaki

Search engines decide what we see for a given search query. Since many people are exposed to information through search engines, it is fair to expect that search engines are neutral. However, search engine results do not necessarily cover…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Gizem Gezici , Aldo Lipani , Yucel Saygin , Emine Yilmaz

PageRank is a ranking of the web pages that measures how often a given web page is visited by a random surfer on the web graph, for a simple model of web surfing. It seems realistic that PageRank may also have an influence on the behavior…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-12-05 Marianne Akian , Stephane Gaubert , Laure Ninove

The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) went into effect on May 25, 2018. Its privacy regulations apply to any service and company collecting or processing personal data in Europe. Many companies had to adjust their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Martin Degeling , Christine Utz , Christopher Lentzsch , Henry Hosseini , Florian Schaub , Thorsten Holz