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Gravitational waves (GWs) can be deflected, similarly to electromagnetic (EM) waves, by massive objects through the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. The importance of gravitational lensing for GW astronomy is becoming increasingly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-08 Eungwang Seo , Tjonnie Guan Feng Li , Martin Anthony Hendry

Gravitational wave observations offer unique opportunities to probe gravity in the strong and dynamical regime, which was difficult to access previously. We here review two theory-agnostic ways to carry out tests of general relativity with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-19 Zack Carson , Kent Yagi

Estimating the parameters of gravitational wave signals detected by ground-based detectors requires an understanding of the properties of the detectors' noise. In particular, the most commonly used likelihood function for gravitational wave…

The detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence (CBC) has allowed us to probe the strong-field dynamics of General Relativity (GR). Among various tests performed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration are parameterized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-06 Naresh Adhikari , Soichiro Morisaki

A small fraction of the gravitational-wave (GW) signals that will be detected by second and third generation detectors are expected to be strongly lensed by galaxies and clusters, producing multiple observable copies. While optimal Bayesian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 Srashti Goyal , Harikrishnan D. , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Parameswaran Ajith

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) by looking for correlated deviations in pulse arrival times. Current Bayesian searches use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which struggle to sample the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Gabriel E. Freedman , Aaron D. Johnson , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland

Extracting the faint gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal from dominant detector noise and disentangling its %diverse astrophysical and cosmological components remain significant challenges for traditional methods like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-18 Hugo Einsle , Marie-Anne Bizouard , Tania Regimbau , Mairi Sakellariadou

Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) occurs when the GWs from a compact binary system travel near a massive object. The mismatch between a lensed signal and unlensed templates determines whether lensing can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-24 Saif Ali , Evangelos Stoikos , Evan Meade , Michael Kesden , Lindsay King

Gravitational-wave (GW) ringdown signals from black holes (BHs) encode crucial information about the gravitational dynamics in the strong-field regime, which offers unique insights into BH properties. In the future, the improving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-24 Yiming Dong , Ziming Wang , Hai-Tian Wang , Junjie Zhao , Lijing Shao

Gravitational waves are ripples in the space time fabric when high energy events such as black hole mergers or neutron star collisions take place. The first Gravitational Wave (GW) detection (GW150914) was made by the Laser Interferometer…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-13 Yash Chauhan

The Advanced LIGO/Virgo interferometers have observed $\sim 100$ gravitational-wave transients enabling new questions to be answered about relativity, astrophysics, and cosmology. However, many of our current procedures for computing these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-14 Noah E. Wolfe , Colm Talbot , Jacob Golomb

[Abridged] We propose a solution to the problem of quickly and accurately predicting gravitational waveforms within any given physical model. The method is relevant for both real-time applications and in more traditional scenarios where the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-07-23 Scott E. Field , Chad R. Galley , Jan S. Hesthaven , Jason Kaye , Manuel Tiglio

This is an introduction to Bayesian inference with a focus on hierarchical models and hyper-parameters. We write primarily for an audience of Bayesian novices, but we hope to provide useful insights for seasoned veterans as well. Examples…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-26 Eric Thrane , Colm Talbot

The speed-up of parameter estimation is an active field of research in gravitational-wave data analysis. In this paper we present GP15, a deep-learning method that merges residual networks and normalizing flows into a general-purpose,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-10 Daniel Lanchares , Osvaldo G. Freitas , Lysiane Mornas , José A. Font , Joaquín González-Nuevo , Luigi Toffolatti , Pietro Vischia

The accuracy of Bayesian inference can be negatively affected by the use of inaccurate forward models. In the case of gravitational-wave inference, accurate but computationally expensive waveform models are sometimes substituted with faster…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-02 Miaoxin Liu , Xiao-Dong Li , Alvin J. K. Chua

Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves is expected to be observed in current and future detectors. In view of the growing number of detections, computationally light pipelines are needed. Detection pipelines used in past…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-09 Jef Heynen , Soumen Roy , Justin Janquart

The recent Nobel-prize-winning detections of gravitational waves from merging black holes and the subsequent detection of the collision of two neutron stars in coincidence with electromagnetic observations have inaugurated a new era of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-13 Daniel George , E. A. Huerta

The main technique that has been used to estimate the rate of gravitational wave (gw) bursts is to search for coincidence among times of arrival of candidate events in different detectors. Coincidences are modeled as a (possibly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Lucio Baggio , Giovanni A. Prodi

The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) is an invaluable new tool to probe gravity and the nature of cosmic acceleration. A large class of scalar-tensor theories predict that GWs propagate with velocity different than the speed of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-19 Dario Bettoni , Jose María Ezquiaga , Kurt Hinterbichler , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Detection and parameter inference of gravitational-wave signals \ncor{from compact mergers} rely on the comparison of the incoming detector strain data $d(t)$ to waveform templates for the gravitational-wave strain $h(t)$ that ultimately…